调查儿童在非语言模两可的迁移和沟通环境中的信仰理解
C-N Alexandrina Guran1, Lucrezia Lonardo2, Markus Tünte3
1Social, Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Unit, Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, 1010 Vienna, Austria; Vienna Cognitive Science Hub, University of Vienna, 1010 Vienna, Austria.
Journal of experimental child psychology
|December 17, 2023
概括
幼儿园儿童理解错误的信仰,与类似研究中的狗不同. 这项研究促进了儿童和动物对心智理论 (ToM) 的非语言评估.
科学领域:
- 认知科学 认知科学
- 比较心理学比较心理学
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
背景情况:
- 调查错误信念理解对于理解前言儿童和非人类动物的思想理论 (ToM) 至关重要.
- 非语言方法对于评估缺乏语言的物种的ToM类能力至关重要.
- 以前的研究已经在狗中探索了ToM,但需要直接与使用匹配范式的儿童进行比较.
研究的目的:
- 用一种非语言任务来调查学龄前儿童对错误信念的理解.
- 为了比较儿童的信仰理解与以前测试过的狗.
- 评估任务对前言儿童和跨物种比较的有用性.
主要方法:
- 从一项先前对32名学龄前儿童 (5-6岁) 的狗狗研究中调整了一个非语言虚假信念任务.
- 孩子们观察到奖励的移动,并从具有真假信念的沟通者那里收到关于容器位置的非语言线索.
- 行为反应 (容器选择) 被记录下来,以推断信念理解.
主要成果:
- 在错误的信念条件下,孩子们正确地识别了有诱的容器而不是有线索的容器.
- 在真正的信念条件下,儿童的表现是随机的,表明对沟通者知识的敏感性.
- 儿童的模式与先前研究中的狗有所不同,这些狗在错误信念场景中优先选择了有线索的容器.
结论:
- 幼儿园儿童表现出对错误信仰的理解,与现有的思想理论文学相一致.
- 在儿童和狗之间观察到信念处理的显著差异,突出了特定物种的认知机制.
- 证实了非语言任务的有效性,用于评估前语言儿童的信仰理解,并保证了对社会认知的演变进行进一步的跨物种调查.
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