在自闭症谱系障碍的认知灵活性的元分析
Claudia Lage1, Eleanor S Smith1, Rebecca P Lawson1
1Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EB, United Kingdom.
Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews
|December 17, 2023
概括
自闭症患者表现出更大的认知灵活性困难,特别是在涉及坚持性错误的任务中. 这一元分析证实,即使没有智力障碍,这些挑战也存在,尽管有显著的差异.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 神经发育障碍 神经发育障碍
- 自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 研究研究
背景情况:
- 认知灵活性对于使行为适应环境变化至关重要.
- 之前关于自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 认知灵活性的研究已经产生了不一致的结果.
- 了解自闭症患者的认知灵活性对于开发有针对性的干预措施至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 确定认知灵活性困难是否是自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 的特征.
- 分析调节变量的影响,包括任务类型,结果和年龄,对ASD的认知灵活性的影响.
- 通过全面的元分析来综合现有研究.
主要方法:
- 进行了一项随机效应元分析,合成了来自59项研究的数据.
- 包括2122名自闭症患者 (没有智力障碍) 和2036名神经类型对照.
- 利用子组分析和元回归来探索广泛的年龄范围 (4-85岁) 的调节效应.
主要成果:
- 与神经类型对照人群相比,自闭症患者在认知灵活性方面表现出统计学上显著的,小到中等的困难.
- 对任务的持续性错误显示了最大的效果大小,表明了特定的难度区域.
- 在自闭症患者的认知灵活性概况中观察到显著的异质性.
结论:
- 自闭症患者存在认知灵活性挑战,即使没有智力障碍.
- 这些发现强调了自闭症谱中认知灵活性的异质性.
- 需要进一步的研究来探索导致这种异质性的因素.
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