在年轻的普通话说者中使用函数词"zài"来学习新动词的发展
Zhigang Li1, Chenyue Liang1, Jianing Zhong1
1School of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China.
PsyCh journal
|December 18, 2023
概括
5-6岁的普通话儿童可以使用"zài"等函数词来学习新动词. 这种动词学习能力对于语言学习至关重要,在4至6岁之间发展.
科学领域:
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 语言学的语言学.
- 儿童语言获取 儿童语言获取
背景情况:
- 儿童学习新词的能力是语言发展的基础.
- 函数词,如语法标记,在破译单词含义和语法角色方面发挥着至关重要的作用.
- 了解孩子如何利用函数词来识别动词是理解早期语法发展的关键.
研究的目的:
- 调查说普通话的孩子是否可以使用函数词"zài"来学习新动词.
- 根据函数词线索,确定儿童可以将新词识别为动词的年龄.
- 检查儿童识别新学动词的能力在不同的句式上下文与不同的功能单词.
主要方法:
- 与3至6岁的普通话儿童进行了三次实验.
- 实验1涉及教新动词,并使用动词标记"zài".
- 实验2和3测试了在新句子中使用不同的函数单词 ('le', 'shì') 的动词识别.
主要成果:
- 5岁和6岁的孩子成功地使用'zài'来学习新动词,与3岁和4岁的孩子不同.
- 五岁的孩子识别了标记"le"的动词,而只有6岁的孩子识别了标记"shì"的动词.
- 使用函数词识别动词的能力在4到5岁之间出现,一般化技能在5-6岁时发展.
结论:
- 讲普通话的孩子可以利用函数词"zài"来识别新词作为动词.
- 在普通话中使用函数词来学习动词的关键时期似乎是在4至5岁之间.
- 在较大的儿童 (5-6岁) 中,在不同的语法标记上对新获取的动词进行概括.
相关概念视频
01:22Language Development
368
Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
368
01:24Components of Language
285
Language, whether spoken, signed, or written, consists of specific components: lexicon and grammar. The lexicon is the vocabulary of a language, comprising its words. Grammar is the set of rules used to convey meaning through the lexicon. For example, English grammar adds “-ed” to most verbs to indicate past tense. Words are formed by combining phonemes, which are the basic sound units of a language. Different languages have different sets of phonemes (e.g., “ah” vs.
285
01:22Purposive Learning
121
E. C. Tolman emphasized the purposiveness of behavior — the idea that much of our behavior is goal-directed. For instance, employees who aim for a promotion work diligently to meet their targets. Tolman argued that when classical conditioning and operant conditioning occur, the organism acquires certain expectations. In classical conditioning, a child might fear a dog because they expect it to bite. In operant conditioning, a person might consistently work overtime because they expect a...
121
01:06Introduction to z Scores
9.6K
A z score (or standardized value) is measured in units of the standard deviation. It tells you how many standard deviations the value x is above (to the right of) or below (to the left of) the mean, μ. Values of x that are larger than the mean have positive z scores, and values of x that are smaller than the mean have negative z scores. If x equals the mean, then x has a zero z score. It is important to note that the mean of the z scores is zero, and the standard deviation is one.
z scores...
z scores...
9.6K
01:26Definition of z-Transform
514
The z-transform is a powerful mathematical tool used in the analysis of discrete-time signals and systems. It is an essential analytical tool, analogous to the Laplace transform used in continuous-time systems. It plays a crucial role in the analysis of signals and systems, complementing the discrete-time Fourier transform. Both the z-transform and the Laplace transform convert differential or difference equations into algebraic equations, simplifying the process of solving complex problems.
514
01:10Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language
876
Language is a system of communication that allows the expression of thoughts, ideas, and feelings. The brain processes language in both hemispheres.
Language formation and comprehension take place in the dominant hemisphere. The dominant hemisphere is responsible for understanding the meaning of spoken, written, or sign language, as well as the ability to communicate. For most people, the left hemisphere is the dominant one. The right hemisphere, then, gives tone and emotional context to the...
Language formation and comprehension take place in the dominant hemisphere. The dominant hemisphere is responsible for understanding the meaning of spoken, written, or sign language, as well as the ability to communicate. For most people, the left hemisphere is the dominant one. The right hemisphere, then, gives tone and emotional context to the...
876