机器学习在模拟疾病轨迹和治疗结果:一个新兴的启动器,以模型为基础的精准医学
Nadia Terranova1, Karthik Venkatakrishnan2
1Quantitative Pharmacology, Ares Trading S.A. (an affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), Lausanne, Switzerland.
Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics
|December 18, 2023
概括
人工智能 (AI) 和机器学习 (ML) 对于分析复杂的生物数据来了解疾病进展和改善药物开发至关重要. 这些先进的技术使得基于模型的精准医学能够提供更有效和更包容的治疗方法.
科学领域:
- 量化药理学 量化药理学
- 计算生物学 计算生物学
- 生物统计学 生物统计学
背景情况:
- 越来越复杂的生物和临床数据 (-omics,现实世界的数据) 需要先进的分析方法.
- 了解内在和外在因素的多维人群变化是疾病进展和治疗结果的关键.
研究的目的:
- 在药物疾病建模中提供人工智能 (AI) 和机器学习 (ML) 应用的概述.
- 突出AI/ML在基于模型的精准医学中的作用,以实现高效和包容的药物开发.
- 展示跨治疗领域的例子,包括神经学,罕见疾病,自身免疫疾病和瘤学.
主要方法:
- 利用AI/ML来描述疾病轨迹中异质性的来源.
- 采用可解释的ML方法来确定治疗有效性和安全性的预测因素.
- 使用ML用于联合纵向建模高维生物标记数据 (例如ctDNA,放射学).
- 使用ML挖掘现实世界的数据,以告知临床试验设计和扩大资格标准.
主要成果:
- 人工智能/机器学习推进终点资格和生物标志物发现.
- 人工智能/ML 促进了患者的研究丰富性和有效的证据生成,使用数字双胞胎和虚拟控制臂.
- 可解释的ML阐明了治疗反应的预测因素,为监测和降低风险提供了信息.
- 机器学习辅助模型在瘤学中显示出有前途的可能性,用于使用生物标志物数据预测生存结果.
- 在设计更具包容性的临床试验时,对现实数据的ML分析有助于.
结论:
- 在定量药理学中,AI/ML的整合对于药物疾病知识管理和基于模型的精准医学至关重要.
- 人工智能/ML在药物开发中提供了变革性的机会,从早期研究到临床试验优化.
- 人工智能/ML在各种治疗领域的应用强调了它在彻底改变医疗保健方面的广泛潜力.
相关概念视频
Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine
4.9K
Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...
4.9K
Mouse Models of Cancer Study
5.6K
Mice have long served as models for studying human biology and pathology because of their phylogenetic and physiological similarity with humans. They are also easy to maintain and breed in the laboratory, and hence, many inbred strains are now available for research. Studies on mice have contributed immeasurably to our understanding of cancer biology.
The development of transgenic, knockout, and knock-in mice has led to an exponential increase in their use as model organisms in research,...
The development of transgenic, knockout, and knock-in mice has led to an exponential increase in their use as model organisms in research,...
5.6K
Issues And Trends In Healthcare Delivery System
5.6K
The issues and trends in healthcare delivery are constantly changing. The COVID-19 pandemic is one recent issue that wreaked havoc on healthcare systems, causing a shortage of healthcare workers, high demand for medicines and supplies, and increased medical expenditure due to a lack of insurance. Other issues include rising healthcare costs and care fragmentation.
Cost Containment
Payment for healthcare services has historically promoted adoption of costly and often unnecessary or inefficient...
Cost Containment
Payment for healthcare services has historically promoted adoption of costly and often unnecessary or inefficient...
5.6K
Mechanistic Models: Compartment Models in Algorithms for Numerical Problem Solving
56
Mechanistic models play a crucial role in algorithms for numerical problem-solving, particularly in nonlinear mixed effects modeling (NMEM). These models aim to minimize specific objective functions by evaluating various parameter estimates, leading to the development of systematic algorithms. In some cases, linearization techniques approximate the model using linear equations.
In individual population analyses, different algorithms are employed, such as Cauchy's method, which uses a...
In individual population analyses, different algorithms are employed, such as Cauchy's method, which uses a...
56
EPS and iPS Cells in Disease Research
2.8K
Embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells are excellent models for disease research because of their ability to self-renew and differentiate into most cell types. Somatic cells from a patient are isolated and reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs. These iPSCs are later differentiated into the desired cell type, which mirrors the diseased cell of the patient. In this way, disease models have been created for investigating diseases such as Down syndrome, type I diabetes,...
2.8K
Kaplan-Meier Approach
150
The Kaplan-Meier estimator is a non-parametric method used to estimate the survival function from time-to-event data. In medical research, it is frequently employed to measure the proportion of patients surviving for a certain period after treatment. This estimator is fundamental in analyzing time-to-event data, making it indispensable in clinical trials, epidemiological studies, and reliability engineering. By estimating survival probabilities, researchers can evaluate treatment effectiveness,...
150


