精英耐力运动员实时高铁低空训练的生理和性能影响:叙述性综述
G Bonato1,2, S P J Goodman1, Lathlean Tjh1,3,4
1Exercise and Sports Science, School of Science and Technology, The University of New England, Armidale, 2350, Australia.
Current research in physiology
|December 18, 2023
概括
现场高铁低高度训练 (LHTL) 通过刺激有益的适应来增强运动员的生理和耐力表现. 这种流行的方法涉及居住在高海拔地区,并在较低的海拔地区进行训练,以获得最佳的结果.
科学领域:
- 运动科学 运动科学 运动科学
- 运动生理学 运动生理学
- 高空训练 高空训练
背景情况:
- 高空训练是寻求生理适应和性能提升的运动员的受欢迎方法.
- 现场高铁低 (LHTL) 模型,运动员居住在高海拔 (1250-3000米) 和在较低海拔 (0-1200米) 训练,是一种常见的方法.
- 高处的低氧压力刺激了血红蛋白质量,红素和转移素受体的变化,可能改善氧气运输.
研究的目的:
- 审查关于LHTL高空训练对运动表现的影响的现有文献.
- 综合LHTL干预中使用的低氧剂量数据.
- 为耐力运动员展示海拔训练对耐力运动员的潜在优势.
主要方法:
- 这项研究对先前对高度训练效应的调查进行了叙述性审查.
- 综合了来自各种运动环境 (跑步,骑自行车,游泳,三项竞技) 的数据.
- 使用"公里小时"量化低毒剂量,以考虑方法异质性.
主要成果:
- LHTL干预通常会导致最大氧气消耗,计时性能和峰值功率输出的改善.
- 在审查的LHTL干预中,最常见的缺氧剂量在约578-687公里/小时之间.
- 尽管LHTL方法有所不同,但观察到一贯的性能提升趋势.
结论:
- 高空训练,特别是LHTL模型,为耐力运动员提供了潜在的生理益处.
- 通过LHTL优化低氧暴露可以增强氧气运输系统,这对于耐力赛事至关重要.
- 进一步的研究可以改进LHTL协议,以最大限度地提高运动员的表现.
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