易受伤害的人群中的麻疹:法国卢瓦尔大西洋地区的罗姆人定居点的爆发,2019年
M Lefebvre1,2, L Gross3, R Ollivier4
1Infectious Disease Department, Nantes University Hospital and Inserm CIC 1413, Nantes University, Nantes, France.
Journal of medical virology
|December 18, 2023
概括
法国罗姆人定居点的麻疹疫情通过疫苗接种运动得到控制. 该运动显著增加了麻疹-疹-红疹 (MMR) 疫苗覆盖率,这对于防止脆弱社区未来爆发至关重要.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 疫苗学 疫苗学 疫苗学
背景情况:
- 麻疹疫情对公众健康构成重大风险,特别是在边缘化社区.
- 法国卢瓦尔大西洋地区的罗姆人定居点在2019年5月经历了一次麻疹疫情.
- 疫苗接种障碍阻碍了控制工作,导致广泛传播.
研究的目的:
- 在罗姆人定居点调查麻疹疫情.
- 评估针对性麻疹-疹-红疹 (MMR) 疫苗接种活动的有效性.
- 要了解这种人群中麻疹病毒传播动态.
主要方法:
- 在疑似麻疹病例后,就开始了案件调查和联系人追踪.
- 在受影响的和没有麻疹的定居点进行了麻疹-疹-红疹 (MMR) 疫苗接种活动.
- 使用部门免疫注册表监测疫苗接种情况.
- 麻疹病毒株的基因定型是为了流行病学联系而进行的.
主要成果:
- 在罗姆人中确诊了109例麻疹病例,其中91%是15岁以下的儿童.
- 在竞选之前,71%的符合条件的个人仍未接种疫苗,27%的疫苗接种情况不明.
- 在疫苗接种活动中,35个定居点的1136个人至少接种了一剂MMR疫苗.
- 24个月的单剂量MMR覆盖率从43%增加到91%.
结论:
- 有针对性的疫苗接种活动对于控制难以到达的人群中麻疹疫情至关重要.
- 实现高免疫覆盖率对于防止欧洲麻疹传播至关重要.
- 解决脆弱社区接种疫苗的障碍对于公共卫生至关重要.
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