对SOD1突变的负选择限制了犬类退行性骨髓病,同时避免了近亲繁殖
Hisashi Ukawa1, Noriyoshi Akiyama1,2, Fumiko Yamamoto1
1Genetic Testing Section, Anicom Pafe Inc., Kanagawa, Japan.
Genome biology and evolution
|December 18, 2023
概括
基因测试显著降低了布洛克威尔士科吉斯 (Pembroke Welsh Corgis) 退行性骨髓病变异的频率. 这种繁殖策略有效地降低了遗传风险,但没有影响整体遗传多样性或近亲繁殖水平.
科学领域:
- 狗的遗传学 狗的遗传学
- 兽医医学 兽医医学 兽医医学
- 人口遗传学 人口遗传学
背景情况:
- 在家养狗中存在数百种致病突变,需要进行繁殖管理以控制它们的传播.
- 基因测试越来越受欢迎,但其在人口层面的影响在很大程度上仍未得到审查.
- 狗退行性骨髓病是狗的一种重大遗传性神经系统疾病.
研究的目的:
- 为了评估基因测试对布洛克威尔士科吉的退行性骨髓病变异 (c.118G>A in SOD1) 的频率的影响.
- 评估基因测试实施后,该种群的遗传结构的变化.
- 调查基因测试的潜力,以告知育种策略和降低疾病风险.
主要方法:
- 对55,512只狗进行SOD1 c.118G>A突变的遗传测试.
- 对117只狗进行全基因组单核酸多态性 (SNP) 分析,以计算韦尔和科克汉姆的FST.
- 使用2019年和2022年的SNP数据分析近亲繁殖水平和遗传多样性.
主要成果:
- SOD1突变的频率从2019年的14.5%大幅下降到2022年的2.9%.
- 在SOD1基因中检测到一个显著的选择特征,与突变相邻.
- 全基因组分析显示,在测试年间,近亲繁殖或遗传多样性没有显著变化.
结论:
- 基因检测,结合知情的交配选择,可以快速降低狗群中有害突变的流行率.
- 这种方法有效地降低了致命疾病的遗传风险,如狗退行性骨髓病变.
- 这项研究表明,遗传工具对于负责任的狗养殖和人口健康管理具有实用性.
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