在整个成年期进行最佳语义搜索的证据.
Jeffrey C Zemla1, Diane C Gooding2,3,4, Joseph L Austerweil2
1Department of Psychology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA. jczemla@syr.edu.
Scientific reports
|December 19, 2023
概括
老年人保持最佳的语义记忆搜索策略,尽管有认知变化. 这表明内存搜索适应了老化,补偿了处理速度较慢而不是执行能力下降.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 衰老的神经科学 衰老的神经科学
- 人类的记忆 人类的记忆
背景情况:
- 语义记忆储存了一生中获得的大量知识.
- 尽管与年龄相关的认知变化,有效的信息检索至关重要.
- 健康的衰老涉及认知减缓和潜在的执行功能下降.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究衰老如何影响语义记忆的优化,搜索.
- 为了确定认知衰老是否会影响信息检索策略的效率.
主要方法:
- 对746名25-69岁的参与者进行了语义流利任务 (列出动物).
- 分析了语义集群之间的检索路径和过渡时间.
- 性能与最佳检索策略模型进行了比较.
主要成果:
- 参与者的检索模式接近了最佳的搜索策略,最大限度地提高了检索率.
- 过渡到无关的语义类别的时间与最佳搜索保持一致.
- 年龄与偏离最佳策略没有相关性,控制了整体表现.
结论:
- 认知衰老不会影响使用最佳语义记忆搜索策略的能力.
- 个人似乎适应他们的记忆搜索,以保持整个成年期的效率.
- 观察到的适应可能涉及对一般处理速度减少的补偿,而不是执行功能下降.
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