在展览猪群中A型流感病毒的演变和对人类的传播,2013-2015年
Christine M Szablewski1, Dillon S McBride1, Susan C Trock2
1Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
Zoonoses and public health
|December 19, 2023
概括
农业博览会上的猪流感A型病毒 (IAV) 可以传染给人类. 在展览猪中高度流行的IAV基因型与人类病例相关,突出显示了在这个人与动物接口上需要进行监测.
科学领域:
- 兽医医学 兽医医学 兽医医学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 病毒学 病毒学
背景情况:
- 猪作为新型流感A病毒 (IAV) 的混合容器,通过物种间传播构成流行病风险.
- 在美国,动物传染性IAV的传播往往与农业博览会上的猪暴露有关,因此需要研究这种人与动物接口的传播机制.
- 猪体内IAV的多样性带来了新型或突变病毒出现的持续风险,影响动物和人类的健康.
研究的目的:
- 为了调查展览猪中IAV的流行病学.
- 分析由猪产生的IAV随后传染给人类的情况.
- 了解展览猪和人类感染中IAV流行率之间的关系.
主要方法:
- 在272个来自展会猪的IAV分离物和23个来自人类宿主的A(H3N2) v病毒 (2013-2015) 的全基因组序列上进行了家族遗传学分析.
- 在67个农业博览会上估计了展览猪中IAV的流行率.
- 评估了每种基因型的人类病例数量与其在展览猪中的流行率之间的相关性.
主要成果:
- 在67个博览会的展览猪中发现了8.9%的IAV总体估计患病率.
- 在猪中确定的19种IAV基因型中,有5种在人类中也被检测到.
- 人类中的A(H3N2) v病毒与同一年流行的猪病毒呈现密切的集群,人类病例和特定基因型的猪流行之间存在正相关性.
结论:
- 多种猪系IAV基因型已经感染了人类.
- 在展览猪中高度流行的IAV基因型与在人类病例中检测到的最常见的IAV菌株相对应.
- 持续监测和表征展览猪中的IAV对于识别和评估具有高溢出潜力的病毒候选疫苗菌株至关重要.
相关概念视频
00:57Viral Recombination
23.5K
Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
23.5K
00:36Viral Mutations
32.3K
A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material...
32.3K
02:28Leaky Scanning
5.1K
During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA. Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R...
5.1K