在近青春期越野滑雪运动员的非特异性和滑雪特异性表现发展
Chiara Zoppirolli1,2, Roberto Modena3,4, Lorenzo Bortolan3,5
1CeRiSM, Sport Mountain and Health Research Centre, University of Verona, Rovereto, Italy. chiara.zoppirolli@univr.it.
European journal of applied physiology
|December 19, 2023
概括
年轻越野滑雪运动员 (XCS) 的表现在青春期前期发展,滑雪特定能力是成功的关键预测因素. 生物成熟没有直接影响这个年龄组的XCS表现.
科学领域:
- 体育科学 运动科学 运动科学
- 儿科生理学 儿科生理学
- 越野滑雪比赛绩效分析
背景情况:
- 青春期前后的发育显著影响体育表现.
- 了解年轻运动员的性别和年龄相关差异对于训练至关重要.
- 越野滑雪 (XCS) 的表现依赖于身体能力的复杂相互作用.
研究的目的:
- 评估男性和女性近青春期越野滑雪运动员的非特异性和滑雪特异性表现发展.
- 检查这些性能指标,XCS性能和生物成熟之间的关系.
- 确定不同年龄和性别类别内XCS表现的预测因素.
主要方法:
- 评估了U14和U16滑雪运动员的生物成熟度,非特异性 (速度,敏捷性,力量,耐力,平衡) 和滑雪特异性 (速度,敏捷性,耐力) 能力.
- 使用官方比赛中获胜者的平均时间差距来量化XCS性能.
- 分析了性别和年龄类别的影响,并开发了XCS指数的预测模型.
主要成果:
- 性能能力通常随着年龄的增长而增加,除了非特异性的速度,敏捷性,平衡性和相对臂力的力量.
- 雌性表现出先进的生物成熟和更好的平衡,而雄性表现出更高的整体性能能力.
- XCS指数与生物成熟没有相关性,但根据性别和年龄组的不同,根据非特定的速度,滑雪特定的上肢耐力,下肢力量和滑雪特定的敏捷性进行预测.
结论:
- 在青春期前期,滑雪特有的能力继续发展.
- 男性周围青春期滑雪运动员在可比的表现水平上往往表现优于女性.
- XCS的表现是由经历青少年发育的特定物理参数驱动的,而不仅仅是年龄类别内的生物成熟.
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