在理解和生产中不同的语言控制机制:来自段落阅读的证据
Chuchu Li1, Katherine J Midgley2, Victor S Ferreira1
1University of California, San Diego, United States.
Brain and language
|December 19, 2023
概括
双语者在理解和产生交换语言时表现出不同的大脑反应和错误模式. 这些发现表明,双语者在理解与生产过程中对语言选择有不同的控制机制.
科学领域:
- 心理语言学 心理语言学
- 认知神经科学 认知神经科学
- 双语研究研究 双语研究
背景情况:
- 双语语言使用涉及复杂的认知控制机制.
- 了解双语者在理解和生产过程中如何在语言之间切换对于认知科学至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了研究中英双语人士的语言切换中的神经和行为差异.
- 为了比较双语语言理解与生产中的语言选择控制机制.
主要方法:
- 实验1:使用快速串行视觉呈现 (RSVP) 测量与事件相关的潜力 (ERP) 在使用语言交换机静音阅读期间.
- 实验2:分析大声口语阅读,重点关注语言切换期间的跨语言入侵错误.
主要成果:
- 在理解方面的语言切换 (实验1) 显示出不同的ERP模式,取决于切换的方向 (主导到非主导与非主导到主导).
- 对功能词的切换效应在理解方面与内容词相似.
- 语言生产 (实验2) 在切换到主导语言时发现了更多的错误,以及在函数词上更多的错误.
结论:
- 双语语言的理解和生产采用不同的执行控制机制.
- 语言切换动态根据切换的方向和任务 (理解与生产) 不同.
- 函数词可能更容易干扰双语语言的产生.
相关概念视频
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Language is a system of communication that allows the expression of thoughts, ideas, and feelings. The brain processes language in both hemispheres.
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01:27Language and Cognition
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Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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01:22Language Development
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01:24Components of Language
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Language, whether spoken, signed, or written, consists of specific components: lexicon and grammar. The lexicon is the vocabulary of a language, comprising its words. Grammar is the set of rules used to convey meaning through the lexicon. For example, English grammar adds “-ed” to most verbs to indicate past tense. Words are formed by combining phonemes, which are the basic sound units of a language. Different languages have different sets of phonemes (e.g., “ah” vs.
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01:16Language
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01:28Lateralization
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