大量灭绝因果关系的理论和分类
Thomas J Algeo1,2,3, Jun Shen2
1State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences-Wuhan, Wuhan430074, China.
National science review
|December 20, 2023
概括
大量灭绝源于最终的触发因素,如撞击或喷发,以及近距离的原因,如碳释放或埋葬. 将这些事件分类出来,可以发现大五大灭绝事件中的每一个都有不同的模式.
科学领域:
- 古生物学的古生物学
- 地质地质地质地质地质地
- 气候科学 气候科学
背景情况:
- 大量灭绝理论需要系统化,区分最终触发因素和近距离原因.
- 最终的原因包括波利德撞击,大型火山区 (LIP) 喷发和生物进化事件.
- 接近的机制主要涉及碳释放 (加热,酸化) 或碳埋葬 (冷却,提高生产率) 过程.
研究的目的:
- 系统化大规模灭绝因果关系理论.
- 使用终极和近期因素矩阵对大规模灭绝进行分类.
- 批判性地评估法内罗纪五大灭绝大规模灭绝的共同触发因素的假设.
主要方法:
- 分析最终原因的证据:波利德撞击,LIP喷发,生物进化事件和构造海洋变化.
- 调查接近的机制:碳释放与碳埋葬过程及其相关的环境变化 (气候,海洋化学,生产力).
- 根据它们识别的最终和近期因素对大五大灭绝进行分类.
主要成果:
- 纪末期的灭绝是一个波利德触发的碳释放事件.
- 波斯末期和三叠纪末期的灭绝是LIP触发的碳释放事件.
- 奥尔多维纪晚期和纪晚期的灭绝是生物进化触发的碳埋葬事件,与撞击或LIP假设不一致.
结论:
- 对于所有五大大规模灭绝的单一最终原因的假设是可疑的,因为不同的环境和生物模式.
- 生物进化触发器可以导致碳循环的各种变化,包括埋葬或释放.
- 关于大规模灭绝周期性的说法被一个常见的外部触发器的被驳斥的想法所破坏.
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