概括
高致病性禽流感 (HPAI) A(H5) 疫情在欧洲野生和家禽中激增. 虽然HPAI在哺乳动物和人类中仍然罕见,但持续监测对公共卫生至关重要.
科学领域:
- 兽医病毒学 兽医病毒学
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 野生动物健康 野生动物健康
背景情况:
- 在许多欧洲国家报告了高度致病性禽流感 (HPAI) A(H5) 疫情.
- 野生鸟类的迁徙模式可能会影响HPAI的时间和传播.
- 过去几年在水禽中发现HPAI的不同模式.
研究的目的:
- 报告2023年9月至12月期间在欧洲发生的HPAI A(H5) 疫情.
- 为了分析流通的HPAI病毒的基因型.
- 评估HPAI传播到哺乳动物和人类的风险.
主要方法:
- 在家禽和野生鸟类中对HPAI疫情的监测.
- 对HPAI病毒的基因定型.
- 在毛皮养殖场进行血清学调查.
- 在哺乳动物和人类中监测HPAI病例.
主要成果:
- 23个欧洲国家报告了88只家禽和175只野生鸟类的HPAI A(H5).
- 常见的起重机经常受到影响;大多数家禽疫情是初级的.
- 确定了11种HPAI基因型,其中7种是新发现的;南极哺乳动物和鸟类的传播.
- 芬兰有29个额外的血清阳性毛皮养殖场;没有与这些相关的人类感染.
- 柬埔寨报告了三例致命和一例严重的人类甲型H5N1感染;中国报告了一例甲型H9N2感染.
结论:
- 对于欧盟/欧洲经济区的一般人口来说,HPAI A(H5) 感染的风险很低.
- 对于职业暴露的人来说,风险低至中等.
- 持续的警和监测对于监测HPAI传播和潜在的动物传播至关重要.
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