商业化场的做法对产母的空间行为和健康有长期影响
Camille M Montalcini1,2, Matthew B Petelle1, Michael J Toscano1
1ZTHZ, Division of Animal Welfare, VPH Institute, University of Bern, Zollikofen, Switzerland.
PloS one
|December 20, 2023
概括
在农场化 (OFH) 可以为晚年压力因素准备母,因为OFH母最初显示出空间使用的变化,但随着时间的推移而适应. 这支持了改善动物福利的环境匹配假设.
科学领域:
- 动物福利科学 动物福利科学
- 家禽养殖家禽养殖家禽养殖家禽养殖
- 行为生态学 行为生态学
背景情况:
- 商业化场每年对数十亿只母造成重大压力.
- 在农场化 (OFH) 建议通过减少早期生活压力来提高动物福利.
- 关于OFH在整个生产过程中的长期福利影响的数据有限.
研究的目的:
- 为了比较养殖场化母 (OFH) 与标准化母 (STAN) 在产卵期间的福利指标和空间行为.
- 评估空间使用和移动行为在转移到产后的差异.
- 为了确定OFH效应是否与"银"或"环境匹配"假设一致.
主要方法:
- 对OFH和STAN之间的福利指标和空间行为进行比较.
- 在17周转移到产卵棚后,评估空间使用和移动模式.
- 评估骨骨折,羽毛损伤,体重,死亡率和卵产量.
主要成果:
- 在最初的三个月里,OFH的层次过渡减少,在产卵棚的地面时间减少.
- OFH的行为逐渐变得与STAN的行为更加相似,这表明了长时间的适应期.
- 与STAN相比,OFH有更严重的骨骨折,但与STAN相比,羽毛损伤,体重,死亡率和蛋产量都相似.
结论:
- 研究结果支持环境匹配假设,表明早期的压力因素可能会为准备以后的挑战.
- 幼儿和成年环境对于提高产母的整体动物福利至关重要.
- 农场化影响行为发展,需要考虑在产卵环境中的适应期.
相关概念视频
01:07Teratogenicity
The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
01:14Scale-Up Processes
The scale-up of microbial fermentation processes is essential in industrial biotechnology, allowing the transition from laboratory-scale experiments to commercial-scale production while aiming to maintain product yield and quality. This process requires meticulous adjustment of equipment design, process parameters, and contamination control strategies to accommodate increasing culture volumes.At the laboratory scale, cultures are typically maintained in 1 to 10-liter glass or autoclavable...
01:30Development of Human Microbiota
The human microbiota begins developing at birth and undergoes continual change as we age. Infancy marks a critical period of microbial sensitivity, offering a “window of opportunity” during which beneficial microbes help mature the immune system. By age three, children typically develop a more stable and diverse microbial community. Newborns acquire microbes from their immediate environment; vaginal delivery favors maternal vaginal microbes, while cesarean births favor microbes from the skin...
01:28Development of the Oral Microbiota
The establishment of the oral microbiome begins before birth, challenging the long-held belief that the fetal oral cavity is sterile. The presence of oral microbes such as Streptococcus and Fusobacterium in amniotic fluid suggests that microbial exposure may occur in utero, potentially through translocation from the maternal oral or gastrointestinal tract. This early colonization primes the neonatal immune system and sets the stage for subsequent microbial succession. Maternal health,...
01:21Microbiota Modulation by Antibiotics
Antibiotics have revolutionized modern medicine by saving countless lives from bacterial infections. However, their widespread use has inadvertently harmed the delicate balance of the human gut microbiota. The gut microbiota, a complex community of bacteria, archaea, viruses, and fungi, plays a vital role in regulating metabolism, immune responses, and maintaining intestinal health. Antibiotics, especially broad-spectrum types, disrupt this ecosystem by eradicating both harmful and beneficial...