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相关概念视频

Bacterial RNA Polymerase00:43

Bacterial RNA Polymerase

29.5K
Unlike eukaryotes, bacteria use a single RNA Polymerase (RNAP) to transcribe all genes. The different subunits of bacterial RNAPhave distinct functions. The multisubunit structure of the bacterial RNAP helps the enzyme to maintain catalytic function, facilitate assembly, interact with DNA and RNA, and self-regulate its activity.
In most genes, the transcription site is a single base present upstream of the coding sequence. Though RNAP is a catalytically efficient enzyme, it does not recognize...
29.5K
Eukaryotic RNA Polymerases00:58

Eukaryotic RNA Polymerases

24.2K
RNA Polymerase (RNAP) is conserved in all animals, with bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryotic RNAPs sharing significant sequence, structural, and functional similarities. Among the three eukaryotic RNAPs, RNA Polymerase II is most similar to bacterial RNAP in terms of both structural organization and folding topologies of the enzyme subunits. However, these similarities are not reflected in their mechanism of action.
All three eukaryotic RNAPs require specific transcription factors, of which the...
24.2K
Transcription Initiation01:47

Transcription Initiation

16.4K
Initiation is the first step of transcription in eukaryotes. Prokaryotic RNA Polymerase (RNAP) can bind to the template DNA and start transcribing. On the other hand, transcription in eukaryotes requires additional proteins, called transcription factors, to first bind to the promoter region in the DNA template. This binding helps recruit the specific RNAP that can assemble on the DNA and start transcription.
The promoters and enhancers and their accessory proteins allow tight regulation of...
16.4K
RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins02:36

RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins

9.2K
Proteins that regulate transcription can do so either via direct contact with RNA Polymerase or through indirect interactions facilitated by adaptors, mediators, histone-modifying proteins, and nucleosome remodelers. Direct interactions to activate transcription is seen in bacteria as well as in some eukaryotic genes. In these cases, upstream activation sequences are adjacent to the promoters, and the activator proteins interact directly with the transcriptional machinery. For example, in...
9.2K
Transfer RNA Synthesis02:36

Transfer RNA Synthesis

12.0K
One of the unique features of tRNA is the presence of modified bases. In some tRNAs, modified bases account for nearly 20% of the total bases in the molecule. Altogether, these unusual bases protect the tRNA from enzymatic degradation by RNases.
Each of these chemical modifications is carried by a specific enzyme, post-transcription. All of these enzymes have unique base and site-specificity. Methylation, the most common chemical modification, is carried by at least nine different enzymes, with...
12.0K
Translesion DNA Polymerases02:10

Translesion DNA Polymerases

10.0K
Translesion (TLS) polymerases rescue stalled DNA polymerases at sites of damaged bases by replacing the replicative polymerase and installing a nucleotide across the damaged site. Doing so, TLS allows additional time for the cell to repair the damage before resuming regular DNA replication.
TLS polymerases are found in all three domains of life - archaea, bacteria, and eukaryotes. Of the different classes of TLS polymerases, members of the Y family are fitted with specialized structures that...
10.0K

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相关实验视频

Updated: Jul 8, 2025

DNA-Tethered RNA Polymerase for Programmable In vitro Transcription and Molecular Computation
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DNA-Tethered RNA Polymerase for Programmable In vitro Transcription and Molecular Computation

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一种Sirtuin依赖的T7RNA聚合酶变体

Yongan Wang1, Yanli Ji2, Lin Sun1

  • 1Frontiers Science Center for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Function and Application of Biological Macromolecular Structures, School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.

ACS synthetic biology
|December 20, 2023
PubMed
概括

科学家们使用遗传密码扩展设计了一种T7 RNA聚合酶 (T7RNAP) 变体. 这种修改后的T7RNAP需要Sirtuin活性才能发挥作用,将基因转录与Sirtuin表达和NAD水平联系起来.

关键词:
在T7RNA聚合酶中,脱乙化脱乙化遗传密码扩张 扩张lysine 的乙化作用.这里是Sirtuin.转录 转录 是一种转录.

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Semi-quantitative Detection of RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase Activity of Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase Protein
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Semi-quantitative Detection of RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase Activity of Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase Protein

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Saccharomyces cerevisiae Metabolic Labeling with 4-thiouracil and the Quantification of Newly Synthesized mRNA As a Proxy for RNA Polymerase II Activity
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Saccharomyces cerevisiae Metabolic Labeling with 4-thiouracil and the Quantification of Newly Synthesized mRNA As a Proxy for RNA Polymerase II Activity

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相关实验视频

Last Updated: Jul 8, 2025

DNA-Tethered RNA Polymerase for Programmable In vitro Transcription and Molecular Computation
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Semi-quantitative Detection of RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase Activity of Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase Protein
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Semi-quantitative Detection of RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase Activity of Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase Protein

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Saccharomyces cerevisiae Metabolic Labeling with 4-thiouracil and the Quantification of Newly Synthesized mRNA As a Proxy for RNA Polymerase II Activity
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Saccharomyces cerevisiae Metabolic Labeling with 4-thiouracil and the Quantification of Newly Synthesized mRNA As a Proxy for RNA Polymerase II Activity

Published on: October 22, 2018

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科学领域:

  • 合成生物学 合成生物学
  • 分子生物学分子生物学
  • 生物技术是生物技术.

背景情况:

  • 转录调节对于细胞平衡至关重要.
  • 控制基因表达是合成生物学和生物工程的一个关键目标.
  • 积极寻求转录控制的新方法.

研究的目的:

  • 开发一种新的转录控制系统.
  • 设计一种T7RNA聚合酶 (T7RNAP) 变体,对细胞调节机制产生反应.
  • 为了将基因转录与Sirtuin活性和NAD+可用性联系起来.

主要方法:

  • 用遗传密码扩展来创建一个T7RNAP变体.
  • 在T7RNAP催化核中的一种基本素 (K631) 被Nε-乙-l-素 (AcK) 取代.
  • 在细菌,哺乳动物和体外系统中测试了T7RNAP变体的功能.

主要成果:

  • 工程T7RNAP变体表现出恢复的酶活性,这取决于依赖NAD的sirtuins的脱乙酶活性.
  • 目标基因的Sirtuin依赖转录在活细胞 (细菌和哺乳动物) 和体外实现.
  • 这种T7RNAP变体成功将基因转录与Sirtuin表达和NAD可用性联系起来.

结论:

  • 一种新型的,依赖于氨酸的T7RNAP变体被成功设计出来.
  • 这种变异使得一种新的转录调节模式能够通过Sirtuin活动来控制.
  • 工程T7RNAP具有在合成生物学,生物工程和研究细胞代谢方面的应用潜力.