建立联系:在青春期早期的不良经历后,大脑连接的神经发育变化
Ayla Pollmann1, Remo Sasso2, Kathryn Bates3
1Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom ayla.pollmann@kcl.ac.uk.
概括
不良的童年经历会影响青少年的大脑连接,影响白质道. 家庭冲突和社会经济因素与大脑发育途径的改变有关.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 不利的童年经历 (ACE) 与负面的成人心理健康结果有关.
- 大脑连接是一种潜在的神经发育途径,可以调解ACE的影响.
- 了解这些途径对于早期干预和预防策略至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查青春期早期不良经历与结构性大脑连接之间的关系.
- 识别受家庭冲突,社会经济地位和社区安全影响的特定大脑区域和白质区域.
- 探索与这些不良体验相关的脑连接的轨迹.
主要方法:
- 利用了青少年大脑认知发展 (ABCD) 研究的数据 (N≈12,000,年龄为9-13).
- 评估结构性大脑连接性使用白质通道的分数异构性 (FA).
- 采用k-means集群,潜伏基础增长模型和多项式回归来分析ACE和大脑连接模式之间的关联.
主要成果:
- 较高的家庭冲突与多个大脑通道的FA增加相关,包括体 (CC),体和前丘脑辐射 (ATR).
- 随着时间的推移,FA轨迹的下降与较低的社会经济地位和社区安全有关.
- 社会经济地位和社区安全显示,在特定的白质区域 (CC,fornix,ATR) 与FA有显著的关联.
结论:
- 青春期早期的不良经历与大脑连接的改变密切相关.
- 这些发现突出了早期生活逆境和神经发育之间的复杂,多方面的关系.
- 强调研究ACE超越幼儿时期的重要性,以了解终身发展轨迹和心理健康结果.
相关概念视频
01:18Cognitive Development During Adolescence
55
During adolescence, individuals experience significant cognitive development that enhances their understanding of others' emotions and thoughts, known as cognitive empathy. This period is marked by an increased ability to adapt to others' perspectives and a more nuanced understanding of others' mental states, a skill that is foundational for social problem-solving and conflict avoidance. The development of cognitive empathy relies heavily on the theory of mind — the...
55
01:30Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
68
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
68
01:01Neuroplasticity
367
Neuroplasticity reflects the brain's remarkable capacity to adapt and evolve, responding dynamically to learning, experiences, or injury by reorganizing its neural circuitry. This reorganization involves creating new neural connections and refining old ones through a series of biological processes that contribute to the brain's lifelong development and adaptability.
367
01:30Socioemotional Development during Infancy
55
Socio-emotional development in infancy is primarily shaped by early emotional responses and social connections, with temperament playing a central role. Temperament refers to the consistent patterns in an individual's emotional and behavioral responses, observable even in infancy. By examining temperament, researchers can better understand an infant's unique ways of interacting with the world, influencing subsequent personality and socio-emotional growth.
Primary Temperament Types
Primary Temperament Types
55
01:29Biological Causes of Schizophrenia
58
Schizophrenia, a severe psychiatric disorder, arises from a complex interplay of biological factors, including genetic predisposition, structural brain abnormalities, neurotransmitter dysregulation, and developmental irregularities. These factors collectively contribute to the onset and progression of the disorder, which typically manifests in late adolescence or early adulthood.
Genetic Factors in Schizophrenia
The genetic basis of schizophrenia is strongly supported by family and twin...
Genetic Factors in Schizophrenia
The genetic basis of schizophrenia is strongly supported by family and twin...
58
01:29Psychological and Sociocultural Causes of Schizophrenia
91
Schizophrenia, a complex psychiatric disorder, has been historically misunderstood. Early psychological theories attributed its origins to childhood trauma and unresponsive parenting. However, contemporary research largely rejects these notions, favoring the vulnerability-stress hypothesis. This model proposes that individuals with a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia may develop the disorder following exposure to significant environmental stressors. Notably, studies on high-risk...
91