左腹後頭皮質在語音處理中的作用-視覺缺失的影響
Gabriela Dziȩgiel-Fivet1, Joanna Beck1, Katarzyna Jednoróg1
1Laboratory of Language Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
Frontiers in human neuroscience
|December 21, 2023
概括
视觉剥夺改变了左腹皮质 (vOT) 的功能. 在盲人中,左侧VOT对口语语音学具有高度敏感性,与视力正常的人不同.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 认知神经科学 认知神经科学
- 审计处理 审计处理
背景情况:
- 左腹脊角皮质 (vOT) 对于有视力和失明的个体的阅读至关重要.
- 它在处理口语,特别是语音学方面的具体作用不太清楚.
- 了解失明中的VOT功能是理解跨模态可塑性的关键.
研究的目的:
- 调查左侧VOT在盲人与有视力个体口语语音处理中的参与.
- 为了确定视觉剥夺是否会影响左侧VOT对语言的敏感性和特异性.
- 为了比较左侧vOT中声学的神经处理的传感模式.
主要方法:
- 功能磁共振成像 (fMRI) 用于50名盲人和54名有视力的参与者.
- 进行了全脑和感兴趣区域 (ROI) 分析,包括单独定义的ROI.
- 参与者执行了语音任务 (节奏) 和控制口语任务.
主要成果:
- 在这两组中,左侧vOT对声学处理表现出敏感性 (律 > 控制).
- 在有视力的个体中,左侧VOT激活是特定于任务的 (律) 和特定于模式的 (语音区域).
- 在失明个体中,左侧vOT在语音处理期间无论任务如何以及在语音/阅读区域之间都活跃,显示出比其他语言区域更大的语音敏感性.
结论:
- 视觉剥夺导致左侧VOT对口语敏感性的发展发生变化.
- 左侧VOT表现出跨模态可塑性,在视觉缺失的情况下,它越来越参与听觉-语言处理.
- 这些发现凸显了大脑根据感官体验调整其功能组织的非凡能力.
相关概念视频
Association Areas of the Cortex
5.4K
Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...
5.4K
Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language
875
Language is a system of communication that allows the expression of thoughts, ideas, and feelings. The brain processes language in both hemispheres.
Language formation and comprehension take place in the dominant hemisphere. The dominant hemisphere is responsible for understanding the meaning of spoken, written, or sign language, as well as the ability to communicate. For most people, the left hemisphere is the dominant one. The right hemisphere, then, gives tone and emotional context to the...
Language formation and comprehension take place in the dominant hemisphere. The dominant hemisphere is responsible for understanding the meaning of spoken, written, or sign language, as well as the ability to communicate. For most people, the left hemisphere is the dominant one. The right hemisphere, then, gives tone and emotional context to the...
875
Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex
3.9K
The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex....
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex....
3.9K
Lateralization
338
Brain lateralization refers to the division of mental processes and functions between the two hemispheres of the brain, a phenomenon that optimizes neural efficiency and underpins complex abilities in humans. This specialization allows each hemisphere to perform tasks where it has a comparative advantage, facilitating more refined cognitive capabilities across different domains.
338
Auditory Pathway
5.4K
Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
When viewed cross-sectionally, the cochlea reveals the scala vestibuli and scala tympani flanking...
When viewed cross-sectionally, the cochlea reveals the scala vestibuli and scala tympani flanking...
5.4K
Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex
514
The somatosensory cortex in the parietal lobes is crucial for interpreting sensory data such as touch, temperature, and proprioception. The somatosensory cortex, situated in the parietal lobes, plays a vital role in interpreting sensory information like touch, temperature, and proprioception—awareness of body position. This specialized brain region features an organized structure wherein neurons at the top primarily process sensations originating from the lower body. In contrast, those at...
514


