专注于年轻成年人的结直肠癌 (综述)
Virginia Constantinou1, Constantina Constantinou1
1Department of Basic and Clinical Sciences, University of Nicosia Medical School, CY-1700 Nicosia, Cyprus.
Molecular and clinical oncology
|December 21, 2023
概括
早期结直肠癌 (CRC) 在50岁以下的成年人中正在全球上升,这与生活方式因素和特定的遗传突变有关. 了解这些分子变化是制定有针对性的预防和查策略的关键.
科学领域:
- 在瘤学瘤学.
- 胃肠病学 胃肠病学
- 分子生物学分子生物学
背景情况:
- 结肠直肠癌 (CRC) 是全球癌症死亡的主要原因.
- 在50岁以下的成年人中,早发性CRC (eoCRC) 发病率在全球范围内有所增加.
- 可修改的风险因素,如肥胖,糖尿病,不活动和抗生素使用与eoCRC有关.
研究的目的:
- 总结目前对早期结直肠癌 (eoCRC) 的理解.
- 要突出 eoCRC 中独特的分子特征和致癌途径.
- 强调对eocrc的新型预防和查策略的需要.
主要方法:
- 关于eoCRC发病率,风险因素和分子形状的当前文献的综述.
- 对eOCRC.中遗传突变 (APC,KRAS,BRAF,TP53) 和表观遗传变化 (LINE-1低甲基化) 的分析.
- 检查结直肠癌发生途径,包括染色体不稳定性 (CIN).
主要成果:
- 与晚期CRC相比,eoCRC显示出独特的分子形状,BRAF突变频率较低,KRAS突变频率更高.
- 染色体不稳定 (CIN) 途径涉及到85%的零星eocrc病例.
- eoCRC经常表现为左侧结肠症状,如年轻人中的血液和腹痛.
结论:
- eoCRC具有独特的分子特征,受到零星突变和生活方式因素的影响.
- 有效的预防和早期检测需要定制的查计划和对eocrc分子机制的进一步研究.
- 解决可修改的风险因素和制定特定的查方案对于减少eocrc发病率和死亡率至关重要.
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