在精神分裂症患者中推断社会认知的神经认知领域和神经认知测试使用自动机器学习
Eugene Lin1, Chieh-Hsin Lin2, Hsien-Yuan Lane3
1Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
Asian journal of psychiatry
|December 21, 2023
概括
机器学习可以使用神经认知测试和临床因素预测精神分裂症患者的社会认知. 一个自动化的机器学习框架有效地确定了社会认知评估的关键预测因素.
科学领域:
- 精神病学和行为科学
- 计算神经科学是一种神经科学.
- 人工智能在医学中的应用
背景情况:
- 精神分裂症与社会认知能力受损有关,影响患者的治疗结果.
- 之前的研究使用单个神经认知领域或通过机器学习对精神分裂症整体认知功能的测试进行了探索.
- 基于神经认知评估,机器学习对估计精神分裂症患者的社会认知能力的潜力仍然不清楚.
研究的目的:
- 研究自动机器学习 (AutoML) 在预测精神分裂症患者的社会认知方面的有效性.
- 确定哪些神经认知领域和测试,以及临床参数,最能预测社会认知.
- 开发和评估一条机器学习管道,用于对精神分裂症患者的社会认知估计.
主要方法:
- 使用了一种自动机器学习 (AutoML) 框架,特别是基于树的管道优化工具 (TPOT).
- 预测因素包括380名台湾精神分裂症患者的6个神经认知领域得分,9个神经认知测试得分和4个临床参数 (年龄,性别,子组,教育).
- TPOT被用来自动生成优化的预测管道.
主要成果:
- 大多数神经认知领域和测试,不包括推理和解决问题,显示与社会认知有显著的关联.
- 最佳预测管道使用了五个神经认知领域 (处理速度,持续的注意力,工作记忆,口头学习和记忆,视觉学习和记忆) 和两个临床参数 (年龄,性别).
- 由此产生的管道结合了诸如函数变压器,近似特征图,独立组件分析和线性回归等算法.
结论:
- 自动机器学习框架,如TPOT,显示出开发有效管道的前景,以预测精神分裂症的社会认知.
- 神经认知领域和测试,结合关键的临床因素,可以用于基于机器学习的精神分裂症社会认知评估.
- 这种方法可以提供一种有价值的工具,用于理解和潜在地干预精神分裂症的社会认知缺陷.
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