患有抑郁症的儿童和青少年的认知功能:系统性审查和元分析
Anett Schumacher1, Susan C Campisi2, Anisa F Khalfan3
1Neurosciences and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.
概括
患有抑郁症的儿童和青少年表现出认知功能受损,特别是在工作记忆,长期记忆,注意力,执行功能和语言方面. 这凸显了儿童抑郁症治疗中评估认知健康的必要性.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 儿童和青少年精神病学 儿童和青少年精神病学
背景情况:
- 在成人抑郁症中,认知功能障碍被认可.
- 儿童群体中抑郁症和认知功能之间的关联仍然不太清楚.
- 了解这些缺陷对于对青年进行有效干预至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查和元分析抑郁症与儿童和青少年认知功能之间的关联.
- 量化抑郁症对18岁及以下个体各种认知领域的影响.
主要方法:
- 在六个主要数据库 (例如,MEDLINE,PsycINFO,Scopus) 进行系统搜索,直到2023年4月.
- 包括17项研究 (15个横截面,1个前性,1个RCT) 与13,567名参与者 (10-17岁).
- 利用随机效应的元分析来评估抑郁和健康年轻人的认知结果 (记忆,注意力,执行功能,处理速度,语言).
主要成果:
- 患有抑郁症的儿童和青少年在工作记忆 (g = -0.40),长期记忆 (g = -0.48),注意力 (g = -0.15),执行功能 (g = -0.16) 和语言 (g = -0.23) 的测试中表现明显差.
- 在短期记忆或处理速度方面没有发现显著差异.
- 效果大小表明在多个认知领域中存在中度到小的损伤.
结论:
- 儿科抑郁症与工作记忆,长期记忆,注意力,执行功能和语言的显著缺陷有关.
- 这些发现强调了评估儿童和青少年被诊断患有抑郁症的认知功能的重要性.
- 进一步的研究应该探索抑郁症治疗对这些认知结果的影响.
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