饮食质量和心血管结果:对队列研究的系统审查和元分析
Rachael M Taylor1,2, Rebecca L Haslam1,2, Jaimee Herbert1,2
1School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.
概括
更高的饮食质量显著降低了心血管疾病发病率和死亡风险. 这包括特定的饮食模式,如地中海饮食,为心脏健康提供保护性益处.
科学领域:
- 营养科学 营养科学
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 心血管健康 心血管健康
背景情况:
- 心血管疾病 (CVD) 仍然是全球主要的死亡原因.
- 饮食模式被认为是心血管疾病的可修改风险因素.
- 了解饮食质量对心血管疾病结果的确切影响对于公共健康至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 系统地评估饮食质量与心血管疾病 (CVD) 发病率和死亡率之间的联系.
- 综合来自众多队列研究的证据,以量化高与低饮食质量和心血管疾病结果之间的关系.
主要方法:
- 在6个数据库中对2007年1月至2021年10月期间发表的研究进行了全面的文献搜索.
- 包括评估先验饮食质量和心血管疾病死亡率/发病率的成年人队列研究.
- 使用随机效应模型进行了元分析,以合成心脏病发病率和死亡率的风险比率.
主要成果:
- 分析包括159项涉及超过620万成人的研究.
- 更高的饮食质量与降低心血管疾病发病率 (RR 0.83,95% CI 0.82-0.84) 和死亡率 (RR 0.83,95% CI 0.82-0.84) 有关.
- 特定的饮食,包括地中海饮食,显著降低了心脏病发病率 (14-15%) 和死亡率 (17-20%) 的风险.
结论:
- 更高的饮食质量与心血管疾病发病率和死亡率的降低密切相关.
- 特定的饮食模式,如地中海饮食,显示出显著的保护作用.
- 虽然研究结果是一致的,但研究中的显著异质性在解释结果时需要考虑.
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