基于机器学习的预测医院住院患者的低价值护理
Andrew J King1, Lu Tang2, Billie S Davis1
1Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Intelligence-based medicine
|December 22, 2023
概括
机器学习可以预测重症监护室 (ICU) 的低价值护理. 这项技术使得有针对性的提示能够在临床医生决定之前建议更好的治疗方法,从而可能减少不必要的白蛋白使用.
科学领域:
- 医疗保健信息学 医疗保健信息学
- 临床决策支持 临床决策支持
- 机器学习在医学中的应用
背景情况:
- 低价值护理,定义为具有最小效益的昂贵治疗,是美国医院的一个重要问题.
- 减少低价值护理的传统方法取得的成功有限.
- 行为科学原理可以为改善护理的新策略提供信息.
研究的目的:
- 开发和评估机器学习模型,用于预测在护理点的低价值护理.
- 创建一个有针对性的提示系统,在临床决定最终确定之前建议替代治疗方法.
- 评估使用机器学习来减少静脉注射白蛋白在重症监护室 (ICU) 患者的液体复苏的可行性.
主要方法:
- 利用来自多家医院系统的电子健康记录数据来识别低价值的护理实践,特别是ICU中的白 administration.
- 开发了两种机器学习模型:一个单阶段模型预测直接输送白蛋白,一个双阶段模型预测输送液体,然后再输送白蛋白.
- 在ICU中每4小时间隔确定临床特征,用于模型培训和验证.
主要成果:
- 检查了87,489次ICU病例 (大约. 150万个四小时周期).
- 单阶段和双阶段模型都实现了接收器操作特征曲线下的面积为0.86.6.
- 这些模型表现出0.21-0.22的积极预测值,有可能预防10%的白蛋白管理和每4.2天提醒医生.
结论:
- 使用机器学习预测低价值护理是可行的,可以支持点的护理提示系统.
- 有针对性的提示系统可以在做出决定之前及时向临床医生提供建议.
- 两阶段预测模型提供了校准灵活性,而不会显著提高预测性能,而不是单阶段模型.
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