深度学习范式及其对冠状动脉壁细分在血管内超声扫描中的偏差:更密切的观察
Vandana Kumari1, Naresh Kumar2, Sampath Kumar K1
1School of Computer Science and Engineering, Galgotias University, Greater Noida 201310, India.
Journal of cardiovascular development and disease
|December 22, 2023
概括
深度学习 (DL) 模型,特别是UNet,在血管内超声波 (IVUS) 成像中显示出冠状动脉壁细分的前景. 然而,目前的模型表现出偏差,突出了对无偏差设计和临床验证的需求,以改善冠状动脉疾病 (CAD) 的诊断.
科学领域:
- 医疗成像医学成像
- 人工智能的人工智能
- 心血管疾病 心血管疾病
背景情况:
- 冠状动脉疾病 (CAD) 具有显著的死亡风险,需要准确的诊断工具.
- 血管内超声波 (IVUS) 提供冠状动脉的高分辨率成像,但用于墙壁细分和量化诊断软件仍在开发中.
- 正在探索深度学习 (DL) 范式,以加强IVUS图像分析.
研究的目的:
- 审查和分析基于UNet和非UNet的深度学习方法,用于IVUS扫描中的冠状动脉壁细分.
- 首次研究和比较DL系统中的IVUS墙壁分割偏差.
- 在用于IVUS分析的DL框架内探索可解释的AI (XAI) 范式.
主要方法:
- 使用PRISMA模型来选择和分析冠状动脉壁细分的145种DL方法.
- 冠状动脉壁厚度是通过从IVUS截面扫描中估计内外边界来计算的.
- 应用了三种偏差评估方法 (排名,辐射,区域区域) 并使用Venn图进行了比较;XAI范式也被介绍.
主要成果:
- 由于它们的多尺度特征提取和重建能力,UNet架构在IVUS中对冠状动脉壁细分有效.
- 在审查的研究中,观察到对可解释AI (XAI) 和修剪AI (PAI) 模型的显著缺乏动机.
- 没有经过审查的UNet模型满足了无偏差设计的标准.
结论:
- UNet是IVUS冠状动脉壁细分的强大工具,但偏差仍然是一个关键问题.
- 从研究向临床实践的过渡需要解决偏见,并纳入XAI和PAI.
- 需要进一步开发以确保无偏见的DL模型用于可靠的临床评估在CAD诊断.
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