复习自闭症和没有自闭症的成年人的所有权效应
Marchella Smith1, David Williams1, Sophie Lind2
1School of Psychology, Keynes College, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom.
PloS one
|December 22, 2023
概括
所有权效应,即人们更容易记住自己拥有的物品,与神经类型患者的自闭症特征无关. 然而,自闭症成年人与神经类型相比,表现出较低的所有权效应.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 神经发育障碍 神经发育障碍
背景情况:
- 所有权效应证明了对自己拥有的物品的增强记忆,归因于有特权的自我相关信息处理.
- 以前的研究表明,自闭症特征增加和自闭症成年人减少,所有权效应下降.
- 可靠性问题和先前发现的不一致性需要严格的复制.
研究的目的:
- 复制以前关于所有权效应及其与自闭症特征的关系的研究结果.
- 调查自闭症特征对自有物品与其他自有物品的记忆的影响.
- 检查神经类型和自闭症成年人之间所有权效应的差异.
主要方法:
- 利用强大的,预先注册的研究设计来提高可靠性.
- 采用贝叶斯分析来评估支持和反对假设效应的证据.
- 进行了两项涉及神经类型成年人和自闭症成年人的实验.
主要成果:
- 实验1 (N=100) 证实了神经类型成年人的显著所有权效应,但没有发现与自闭症特征的相关性.
- 实验2 (N=56) 揭示了神经类型的所有权效应,但在自闭症成年人中没有.
- 研究结果表明,神经类型的自闭症特征不会影响所有权效应,而自闭症的临床诊断可能会影响.
结论:
- 自闭症特征的个体差异似乎没有调节神经类型个体的所有权效应.
- 自闭症的临床诊断,而不是单独的自闭症特征,可能与减少所有权效应有关.
- 自闭症患者心理自我意识的差异可能解释了这些观察到的记忆效应.
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