俄罗斯本土品种马的遗传多样性
Mikhail Atroshchenko1, Natalia Dementieva2, Yuri Shcherbakov2
1All-Russian Research Institute of Horse Breeding (ARRIH), Ryazan Region, Rybnovskij District, Divovo 391105, Russia.
Genes
|December 23, 2023
概括
这项研究分析了11个俄罗斯马种的遗传多样性,揭示了雅库特和维亚特卡等土著品种的独特适应性,同时强调了由于选择性繁殖而导致体育品种多样性减少的担忧.
科学领域:
- 动物遗传学动物遗传学
- 分子生物学分子生物学
- 人口遗传学 人口遗传学
背景情况:
- 马的化比其他农场动物晚,为各种人类需求选择性地开发出品种.
- 维亚特卡,图瓦和雅库特等土著品种以其性和适应当地条件而闻名,用于电力,牛奶和肉.
- 选择性繁殖,特别是纯血种,导致许多马种的遗传多样性减少.
研究的目的:
- 评估来自俄罗斯联邦的11种马种的遗传多样性和种群结构.
- 研究导致本土马种适应性特征的遗传因素.
- 确定潜在的策略,以保护马种群的遗传多样性.
主要方法:
- 从102只11个品种的马匹中取取DNA样本,并使用GGP Equine 70k阵列芯片进行基因定型.
- 用Admixture 1.3和PLINK 1.9软件分析了遗传多样性和人口结构.
- 使用R detectRUNS包计算了同卵性运行 (FROH),PCA分析通过PLINK 1.9.9进行.
主要成果:
- 土著品种 (维亚特卡,图瓦,雅库特) 表现出性和适应性,而阿哈尔特克和阿拉伯品种则显示出有效种群规模减少和显著的同卵性.
- ADMIXTURE和PCA分析揭示了Don和Kabardin品种以及一些阿拉伯动物之间的相似之处,这表明它们具有共同的纯血动物特征.
- 奥尔洛夫鱼品种形成了一个独特的集群,由于其人口规模较小,观察到高FROH.
结论:
- 俄罗斯本土的马种具有独特的遗传适应性,对它们的环境和实用性有价值.
- 为了体育表现,与纯血动物交叉繁殖减少了遗传多样性,模糊了顶级体育品种之间的区别.
- 了解土著品种的遗传因素对于保护和维持有效的种群繁殖至关重要.
更多相关视频
10:08Genetic Mapping of Thermotolerance Differences Between Species of Saccharomyces Yeast via Genome-Wide Reciprocal Hemizygosity Analysis
Published on: August 12, 2019
17.2K
12:11Analysis of Chromosome Segregation, Histone Acetylation, and Spindle Morphology in Horse Oocytes
Published on: May 11, 2017
11.0K
相关概念视频
Conservation of Small Populations
13.1K
Small population sizes put a species at extreme risk of extinction due to a lack of variation, and a consequent decrease in adaptability. This weakens the chances of survival under pressures such as climate change, competition from other species, or new diseases. Large populations are more likely to survive pressures such as these, as such populations are more likely to harbor individuals that have genetic variants that are adaptive under new stresses. Small populations are much less...
13.1K
Incomplete Dominance
22.6K
Gregor Mendel's work (1822 - 1884) was primarily focused on pea plants. Through his initial experiments, he determined that every gene in a diploid cell has two variants called alleles inherited from each parent. He suggested that amongst these two alleles, one allele is dominant in character and the other recessive. The combination of alleles determines the phenotype of a gene in an organism.
22.6K
What is Population Genetics?
58.0K
A population is composed of members of the same species that simultaneously live and interact in the same area. When individuals in a population breed, they pass down their genes to their offspring. Many of these genes are polymorphic, meaning that they occur in multiple variants. Such variations of a gene are referred to as alleles. The collective set of all the alleles within a population is known as the gene pool.
58.0K
Mutation, Gene Flow, and Genetic Drift
58.4K
In a population that is not at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, the frequency of alleles changes over time. Therefore, any deviations from the five conditions of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium can alter the genetic variation of a given population. Conditions that change the genetic variability of a population include mutations, natural selection, non-random mating, gene flow, and genetic drift (small population size).
58.4K
Genetic Variation
288
Genetic variation is the diversity in DNA sequences found among individuals of the same species. This diversity is crucial for a species' survival because it helps organisms adapt to environmental changes. Genetic variation begins with fertilization, where an egg and sperm cell merge. Each of these cells carries 23 chromosomes, up to 46 in the fertilized egg. Chromosomes are long DNA strands that contain genes, the basic units of heredity.
Genes exist in different versions called alleles,...
Genes exist in different versions called alleles,...
288
Hardy-Weinberg Principle
72.2K
Diploid organisms have two alleles of each gene, one from each parent, in their somatic cells. Therefore, each individual contributes two alleles to the gene pool of the population. The gene pool of a population is the sum of every allele of all genes within that population and has some degree of variation. Genetic variation is typically expressed as a relative frequency, which is the percentage of the total population that has a given allele, genotype or phenotype.
72.2K
