在COPD患者中SARS-CoV-2疫苗有效性下降:从三角洲变异中吸取教训
Lörinc Polivka1, Istvan Valyi-Nagy2, Zoltan Szekanecz3
1Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary.
Vaccines
|December 23, 2023
概括
在患有慢性阻塞性肺病 (COPD) 的患者中,COVID-19疫苗的有效性在215天后减弱,这些患者对感染和住院的保护性较低. 这些发现凸显了在COPD患者中需要重新接种疫苗的战略.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 传染性疾病 传染性疾病
- 呼吸系统医学 呼吸系统医学
背景情况:
- 患有慢性阻塞性肺病 (COPD) 的患者患有严重呼吸道感染的风险增加,包括COVID-19.
- 了解COVID-19疫苗的有效性和保护的持续时间对于弱势群体至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 评估COVID-19疫苗的有效性 (VE) 以及对COPD成年人感染和住院治疗的保护.
- 为了在COPD患者中比较VE与在Delta变种浪潮期间匹配的对照组.
主要方法:
- 匈牙利COVID-19注册表的回顾性分析 (2021年9月至12月).
- 精确匹配的对照组 (1:1) 基于性别,年龄,并发症,疫苗接种状态和先前感染.
- 时间分层的多变量考克斯分析以评估感染和住院的危险比率.
主要成果:
- 在COPD患者中,疫苗对住院治疗的有效性下降得更快,尽管在215天后,这两组的保护显著下降.
- 与对照组相比,COPD患者感染 (HR:1.09) 和住院 (HR:1.87) 的风险更高.
- 在未接种疫苗的COPD和对照组之间,感染或住院风险没有差异.
结论:
- 慢性肺炎患者对抗SARS-CoV-2感染和住院治疗的疫苗有效性降低,其衰退轨迹类似.
- 在接种疫苗后大约7个月后,疫苗保护显著下降.
- 强调适时对COPD患者群体进行再接种疫苗的重要性,以保持保护.
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