默认效应的行为基础:医疗保险D部分的理论和证据
Zarek Brot-Goldberg1, Timothy Layton2, Boris Vabson3
1University of Chicago.
The American economic review
|December 25, 2023
概括
医疗保险D部分的默认规则显著影响低收入受益人的入学和药物使用. 受益人对这些违约的被动性令人惊地不敏感,即使有潜在的毒品消费损失.
科学领域:
- 卫生经济学 卫生经济学
- 行为经济学是一种行为经济学.
- 公共政策公共政策.
背景情况:
- 医疗保险D部分的复杂计划选择给受益人带来了挑战,特别是低收入人群.
- 注册过程中的默认选项可以显著影响消费者行为和结果.
研究的目的:
- 调查医疗保险D部分默认规则对低收入受益人的入学和药物使用的影响.
- 评估受益人的被动性对违约期权价值的敏感性.
- 为了确定Medicare D部分招生中积极选择变化的驱动因素.
主要方法:
- 分析了两个自然实验,检查医疗保险D部分的默认规则.
- 利用随机分配到默认选项来测试受益人的被动性.
- 采用第三个自然实验来探索影响主动选择的因素.
主要成果:
- 医疗保险D部分的默认规则对低收入受益人的入学和药物使用产生了大而持久的影响.
- 发现受益人的被动性对默认选项的价值高度不敏感,即使它导致了大量的药物消费损失.
- 活跃选择的变化似乎是由随机的,短期的冲击驱动的,而不是受益者的一致注意力.
结论:
- 默认规则对医疗保险D部分的受益者产生重大影响,低收入人群尤其受到影响.
- 受益人对默认选项值的低敏感性表明,被动选择可能与最佳药物消费或福利不一致.
- 旨在增加积极选择或减轻被动招生影响的政策干预可能是必要的,以改善低收入受益者的结果.
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