2006年至2021年沙特阿拉伯的乙型肝炎流行病学
Ibrahim G Alghamdi1, Rahaf M Alghamdi2, Mohamed S Alghamdi3
1Public Health Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Al-Baha, Al-Baha city, Saudi Arabia.
Hepatic medicine : evidence and research
|December 26, 2023
概括
这项研究揭示了沙特阿拉伯地区急性乙型肝炎感染率的显著差异,在特定地区和老年男性中发病率更高. 沙特国民的感染率显著更高,强调了有针对性的公共卫生干预措施的必要性.
科学领域:
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 传染性疾病 传染性疾病
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 调查沙特阿拉伯急性乙型肝炎病毒 (HBV) 感染的流行病学模式.
- 涵盖了从2006年到2021年的16年时间段.
- 检查了各种人口和地理因素的病例频率和原始发病率 (CIR).
研究的目的:
- 描述沙特阿拉伯急性HBV感染的流行病学特征.
- 根据年份,年龄,地区,性别和国籍分析HBV发病率.
- 为有针对性的公共卫生战略确定高风险人群和地理区域.
主要方法:
- 来自沙特卫生部统计年鉴 (2006-2021) 的急性HBV病例的回顾性分析.
- 从沙特阿拉伯20个地区收集的数据.
- 使用SPSS v20.0进行的统计分析,包括参数和非参数测试.
主要成果:
- 在昆福达,吉达,塔布克和塔伊夫观察到最高的CIR;在海尔,库莱雅特,朱夫和哈弗阿尔-巴坦观察到最低的CIR.
- 发病率在45岁以上的人群中最高 (30.6/100,000),其次是15-44岁的人群 (14.2/100,000),在0-14岁的人群中最低 (0.8/100,000).
- 在男性中,HBV的发病率高于女性 (1.4x在沙特人中,2.2x在非沙特人中);沙特国民的发病率高于非沙特人的4.2x.
结论:
- 在沙特阿拉伯,急性HBV感染率呈现出显著的区域差异.
- 老年人 (45岁以上) 和男性不成比例地受到急性HBV的影响.
- 在沙特国民中更高的患病率需要量身定制的公共卫生干预和战略.
相关概念视频
01:26Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder
Liver and gallbladder diseases are a significant health concern, with prominent conditions including cirrhosis, hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and gallstones. Jaundice is a common manifestation of liver and biliary disease.
Cirrhosis is characterized by the scarring of hepatic lobules in the liver, which are replaced by fibrous tissue, affecting the liver's normal functioning. NAFLD, on the other hand, is caused by an excessive build-up of fat in the liver, not related to...
Cirrhosis is characterized by the scarring of hepatic lobules in the liver, which are replaced by fibrous tissue, affecting the liver's normal functioning. NAFLD, on the other hand, is caused by an excessive build-up of fat in the liver, not related to...
01:25Endocarditis II: Clinical Features of Infective Endocarditis
Endocarditis can present various clinical features depending on the causative organism and the patient's underlying health conditions. Initially, the clinical features of infective endocarditis develop gradually, presenting with nonspecific symptoms that can be easily mistaken for other illnesses.General SymptomsEarly symptoms of infective endocarditis are fever, chills, weakness, malaise, fatigue, and weight loss. These symptoms reflect the systemic nature of the infection and the body's...
01:22Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies
The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
01:25Hepatitis
Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver. The...
01:28Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction
Viral hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver caused by infection with hepatotropic viruses, most commonly hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Despite variations in structure and transmission, all viruses mentioned infect hepatocytes and provoke immune responses that can hinder liver function. Additionally, some non-hepatotropic viruses can also lead to hepatic inflammation.Hepatitis A VirusHepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted through the fecal–oral route, typically by ingestion of food...
01:20Cholecystitis
Cholecystitis is inflammation of the gallbladder, most commonly caused by obstruction of the cystic duct. This blockage prevents bile from draining, leading to gallbladder distension, inflammation, and potentially serious complications. This condition may present acutely or chronically and can happen with or without gallstones.EtiologyAbout 95% of cholecystitis cases are calculous, caused by gallstones blocking the cystic duct, leading to bile accumulation and inflammation of the gallbladder...