探险5300:在世界上最高的城市,人类适应的极限
Benoit Champigneulle1, Julien V Brugniaux1, Emeric Stauffer2
1Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, HP2 laboratory, Grenoble, France.
The Journal of physiology
|December 26, 2023
概括
拉林科纳达的高海拔居民表现出严重的生理适应慢性低血压缺氧,包括高血红蛋白和心脏功能变化,特别是在慢性山病 (CMS) 患者中. 这项研究探讨了这些独特的健康反应在极高处.
科学领域:
- 生理学 生理学 生理学
- 高度医学 高度医学
- 人类的适应能力
背景情况:
- 超过8000万人生活在2500米以上,面临慢性低巴性缺氧.
- 秘鲁的拉林科纳达位于5000-5300米的高度,拥有5万名居民,代表了高度研究的独特人口.
- 远征5300是拉林科纳达的第一个科学项目,研究生理适应和高度相关的健康问题.
研究的目的:
- 研究拉林科纳达居民对极高海拔地区的生理适应.
- 为了识别和分析与高度相关的健康问题,在这个高海拔人口.
- 了解人类对慢性严重缺氧接近耐受性极限的反应.
主要方法:
- 来自秘鲁拉林科纳达的参与者招募.
- 血液学分析 (血红蛋白度,铁含量).
- 24小时血压监测,心声回声和测谎仪 (夜间脉冲氧和).
主要成果:
- 观察到高血红蛋白度 (20.3 ± 2.4 g/dL) 和总血量,在慢性山病 (CMS) 患者 (23.1 ± 1.7 g/dL) 中更高.
- 血粘度增加,24小时血压正常但血管反应能力受损,右心扩张,高肺动脉压,左心室重塑.
- 降低夜间脉冲氧和度 (中位数79%),在CMS患者中更严重,氧气脱度指数更高.
结论:
- 拉林科纳达居民表现出显著的血液和心血管适应极端慢性低性缺氧.
- 慢性山病与更严重的血液和心脏变化有关.
- 该群体为研究人类在极高海拔地区的生理极限提供了一个独特的模型.
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