医疗系统机器学习中的安全与隐私:策略和挑战
Erikson J de Aguiar1, Caetano Traina1, Agma J M Traina1
1Institute of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
Yearbook of medical informatics
|December 26, 2023
概括
本研究探讨了医疗系统的机器学习 (ML) 中的安全性和隐私性,确定了关键的攻击,防御和隐私策略,如联合学习 (FL). 它强调了挑战,并为未来在这一关键领域的研究提供了指导.
科学领域:
- 医疗信息学 医疗信息学
- 医疗保健中的人工智能
- 医学领域的网络安全
背景情况:
- 机器学习 (ML) 为医生在医疗保健中的决策支持提供了重大潜力.
- 然而,医疗系统中的ML应用容易受到安全攻击和隐私侵犯.
- 解决这些漏洞对于在医学中安全有效地部署ML至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 调查和分析现有的关于医疗系统机器学习中的安全和隐私的研究.
- 识别普遍的攻击载体,防御机制和保护隐私的策略.
- 讨论与实施这些战略相关的挑战,并指导未来的研究.
主要方法:
- 进行了系统的文献审查,涉及手动搜索和定义的搜索字符串.
- 论文根据标题,摘要和全文进行过,然后对他们的贡献进行分析.
- 收集和讨论了40篇关于健康ML中的攻击,防御和隐私的相关论文.
主要成果:
- 确定了攻击的趋势,包括通用对抗性扰动 (UAP),基于生成对抗网络 (GAN) 的攻击和DeepFakes.
- 突出了防御趋势,如对抗性训练,基于GAN的策略,以及对抗性示例 (AE) 的分布外 (OOD) 检测.
- 发现了关键的隐私保护策略,包括联合学习 (FL),差异隐私和混合方法来增强FL.
结论:
- 由于越来越多的风险和脆弱性,ML对健康的安全和隐私至关重要.
- 该研究提供了当前战略和挑战的全面概述.
- 这项研究旨在指导未来的研究,以确保医疗保健系统中的ML应用.
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