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单克隆抗体和下一代抗体开发的最新进展

Rohit Singh¹, Pankaj Chandley¹, Soma Rohatgi

¹Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India.

|December 27, 2023

概括

单克隆抗体 (mAbs) 对于诊断和治疗至关重要. 本综述详细介绍了mAb生产技术的演变,从混合体到先进的方法,强调了它们对疾病治疗的好处和缺点.

科学领域:

生物技术是生物技术.
免疫学免疫学免疫学
药物开发药物开发

背景情况:

单克隆抗体 (mAbs) 对于诊断,预防和治疗至关重要.
混合瘤技术,将B淋巴细胞与髓瘤细胞融合,是产生针对抗原的特定mAbs的最初方法.
进步已经引入了用于改进 mAb 生产的新技术.

研究的目的:

提供一个全面的概述mAb生产技术的演变.
讨论各种mAb生成策略的方法,优势和局限性.
探索下一代抗体技术对疾病治疗的影响.

主要方法:

历史和当代mAb生成技术的审查,包括混合体,电融合和显示系统 (菌体,酵母体,细菌体,核糖体,哺乳动物).
讨论新兴平台,如B细胞永生化,DNA/RNA编码的Abs,单B细胞技术,转基因动物和AI/机器学习.
分析下一代抗体格式,如单链可变片段,纳米体,双特异性ABS,Fc工程ABS,ABS生物类似剂,ABS模拟剂和ABS药物合物.

主要成果:

从混合体技术向多种现代方法的演变显著提高了mAb的生产能力.
下一代抗体技术为治疗复杂疾病提供了更高的特异性和有效性.
各种技术具有独特的优势和局限性,影响其在医疗保健和制药中的应用.

结论:

抗体技术的持续创新对于开发针对性治疗癌症,自身免疫和传染病至关重要.
了解不同mAb生产方法的优缺点是选择最佳治疗策略的关键.
该领域正在迅速发展,有望提供更有效和个性化的基于抗体的疗法.

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Hybridoma Technology

Hybridoma Technology

Hybridoma technology is used for the large-scale production of monoclonal antibodies. Monoclonal antibodies bind to only a single antigenic determinant or epitope. Such antibodies are used in research, diagnostics, and disease therapy. The hybridoma technology established in 1975 by Georges Köhler and Cesar Milstein was awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1984 for revolutionizing research and therapy.
Hybridoma Selection
Commonly used fusion techniques — electroporation,...

Antibody Structure and Classes

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Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins, are produced by B cells in response to foreign substances, such as bacteria and viruses. These proteins are critical for recognizing and neutralizing these substances, protecting the body from potential harm.
The basic structure of an antibody consists of four protein chains: two identical heavy chains and two identical light chains. These chains are held together by disulfide bonds and other non-covalent interactions, forming a Y-shaped structure.