植物导致有毒肌肉病变
Beatrice Sponseller1, Tim Evans2
1Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, 1809 South Riverside Drive, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
The Veterinary clinics of North America. Equine practice
|December 27, 2023
概括
某些树木,如盒子树和树,含有毒素,导致马的季节性牧场肌肉病 (SPM) 或非典型肌肉病 (AM). 这些毒素抑制能量代谢,甚至在花草中,也可能是致命的.
科学领域:
- 兽医毒理学 兽医毒理学
- 马类医学 马类医学
- 植物毒理学 植物毒理学
背景情况:
- 季节性牧场肌肉病变 (SPM) 和非典型肌肉病变 (AM) 是马中经常致命的有毒肌肉病变.
- 盒子和松树含有低糖素A (HGA),而白色蛇根和无线金杆含有酸基 (BFK).
- 已知这些毒素会抑制细胞能量代谢,特别是脂肪酸β-氧化.
研究的目的:
- 为了识别和表征导致马中SPM和AM的毒素.
- 了解这些植物毒素引起肌肉病的机制.
- 为这些有毒肌肉病的预防策略提供信息.
主要方法:
- 从受影响马放牧的牧场取植物样本进行分析.
- 毒理学研究以识别和量化诸如HGA和BFK等致病原体.
- 研究这些毒素影响的代谢途径,包括脂肪酸β-氧化.
主要成果:
- 来自boxelder和sycamore的低糖素A (HGA) 被证实是SPM/AM的原因,其代谢物MCPA-CoA抑制脂肪酸β-氧化.
- 来自白蛇根和无光金杆的多重福基 (BFK) 被确定为细胞能量代谢的抑制剂.
- 发现毒素在花草中保持活跃,可以在马的牛奶中分泌.
结论:
- 植物性毒素,包括HGA和BFK,是马中SPM和AM的致病原体.
- 抑制细胞能量代谢,特别是脂肪酸β-氧化,是毒性的主要机制.
- 风险因素包括在秋季放牧稀疏的牧场,毒素甚至在保存的料和牛奶中构成风险.
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