预防痴呆症的多领域干预 - - 系统性审查
C B Castro1, L M Costa, C B Dias
1Professor Hamid R. Sohrabi, Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia, Phone: +61 8 9360 6901, E-mail: hamid.sohrabi@murdoch.edu.au; Professor Ralph N. Martins, Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia,
The journal of nutrition, health & aging
|December 28, 2023
概括
包括饮食和运动在内的多领域生活方式干预措施,在预防老年人认知衰退和痴呆症方面表现有前途. 审查的三分之二的研究表明认知能力有所改善,这表明这些干预措施可以延迟痴呆风险.
科学领域:
- 老年学是指老年学的学科.
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 全球老龄化人口面临着越来越多的认知衰退和痴呆症.
- 饮食,体力活动和认知参与等生活方式因素是认知健康的潜在调节者.
- 作为减轻痴呆风险的策略,正在探索多领域的生活方式干预措施.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查关于预防认知衰退和痴呆症的多领域生活方式干预的临床试验.
- 评估联合生活方式干预措施在患有痴呆症风险较高的老年人中的有效性.
主要方法:
- 系统的文献审查遵循PRISMA指南.
- 包括49岁以上的成年人进行的涉及多领域干预 (饮食,体育活动,认知训练) 的临床试验.
- 搜索了5个电子数据库,查找2022年11月15日之前的出版物.
主要成果:
- 包括15项研究,评估认知变化. 三分之二 (10项研究,9,439名参与者) 显示认知能力有所改善.
- 常见的饮食建议包括增加水果/蔬菜摄入量,全谷物,低脂肪选择和限制糖.
- 五项研究报告说,这些干预措施没有显著的认知益处.
结论:
- 多领域的生活方式干预措施,特别是那些包含饮食,体育活动和认知训练的干预措施,有利于老年人患痴呆风险.
- 这些干预措施可以预防或延迟风险人群的认知衰退.
- 未来的研究应该专注于更长的随访期和研究设计,以隔离单个生活方式组件的影响.
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