全球核酸捐赠者查揭示了E型肝炎的流行病学特征,并防止了日本的输血传播感染
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Updated: Jun 10, 2026

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Anti-Nuclear Antibody Screening Using HEp-2 Cells
Published on: June 23, 2014
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Ami Tanaka1, Keiji Matsubayashi1, Takeshi Odajima1
1Central Blood Institute, Blood Service Headquarters, Japanese Red Cross Society, Tokyo, Japan.
Transfusion
|December 28, 2023
概括
日本在2020年实施了针对E型肝炎病毒 (HEV) 的通用核酸放大测试 (ID-NAT). 这种敏感的查成功地预防了输血传播的HEV (TT-HEV) 感染,显著提高了血液的安全性.
科学领域:
- 肝病学 肝病学是一种肝病学.
- 病毒学 病毒学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 在日本报告了超过45例输血传播的E型肝炎病毒 (TT-HEV) 感染病例.
- 针对HEV的通用个人捐赠核酸放大测试 (ID-NAT) 于2020年实施.
研究的目的:
- 为了描述HEV NAT阳性的献血者.
- 为了估计新的HEV感染和无症状感染率.
- 在实施ID-NAT后评估TT-HEV的剩余风险.
主要方法:
- 使用ID-NAT对5,075,100次献血进行查.
- 测量HEV RNA,进行遗传学分析和抗体检测.
- 追溯研究评估TT-HEV的残留风险.
主要成果:
- 2804个捐赠 (0.055%) 是NAT阳性,区域差异较大.
- 估计每年有27万例新的HEV感染,无症状率为99.9%.
- 在ID-NAT实施3年内没有证实突破TT-HEV病例.
结论:
- 在日本,多种本地HEV菌株普遍存在.
- 在预防TT-HEV感染方面,ID-NAT已被证明非常有效.
- 通过敏感的HEV查来提高血液安全.
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