机动车事故伤害结果的几率的性别差异
Matthew J Craig1, Cejun Liu1, Fan Zhang1
1National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, United States.
Accident; analysis and prevention
|December 28, 2023
概括
这项研究发现,女性患某些伤害的几率较高,例如前额撞车中下肢受伤,但其他伤害的几率较低,例如头部和部受伤,这取决于撞车类型. 这些发现突出了基于性别的差异在机动车辆碰撞伤害风险.
科学领域:
- 道路安全研究 道路安全研究
- 伤害生物力学受伤生物力学
- 交通安全分析分析
背景情况:
- 以前的研究表明,机动车撞车伤害风险的性别差异.
- 现有的研究还没有将国家汽车采样系统-防撞数据系统 (NASS-CDS) 和撞车调查采样系统 (CISS) 的数据结合起来.
研究的目的:
- 分析乘用车事故中女性与男性相比,各种伤害结果的相对概率.
- 考虑一系列全面的碰撞类型,碰撞前因素和乘客特征.
主要方法:
- 在NASS-CDS (2000-2015) 和CISS (2017-2021) 数据上利用了多变量后勤回归,用于13岁及以上的乘客.
- 开发了300个独特的模型,跨越六种撞击类型,结合了撞击前和可靠性变量,并保留了显著的预测因素 (p≤0.10).
- 分析了25种不同的伤害结果,考虑了所有碰撞类型,限制条件和座位位置.
主要成果:
- 提出了300个模型的概率比率 (OR) 估计,比较女性和男性的受伤风险.
- 在36个模型中,女性的受伤几率显著更高,在43个模型中 (p≤0.05) 的受伤几率更低.
- 一个趋势表明,女性在缩略伤害量表 (AIS) 2+伤害 (例如,额头撞击下肢) 中的几率更高,但某些AIS 2+ (部,胸部) 和AIS 3+ (头部,部,胸部) 伤害的几率更低,特别是在非额头撞击中.
结论:
- 性别是影响机动车辆事故受伤风险的重要因素.
- 伤害模式在女性和男性之间有所不同,女性对某些伤害的几率较高,对其他伤害的几率较低,因碰撞类型和严重程度而异.
- 调查结果强调,在车辆安全设计和伤害预防策略中需要考虑性别特异性.
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