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双语问题大小效应:一个ERP研究的乘法验证和生产在两个语言
Vanessa R Cerda1, Tara G Flaugher1, Paola Montufar Soria1
1Department of Neuroscience, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio.
Translational issues in psychological science
|December 29, 2023
概括
双语者在解决数学问题上表现出微妙的差异,较弱的语言 (LA-) 在较大的问题上造成更大的困难,特别是在时间压力下. 这表明在不太熟悉的语言中检索事实的努力增加了.
科学领域:
- 认知神经科学 认知神经科学
- 心理语言学 心理语言学
- 双语研究研究 双语研究
背景情况:
- 问题大小效应 (PSE) 表明,对于较小而不是较大的任务,解决问题更容易.
- 对于单语者来说,PSE随着处理难度 (例如不熟悉的格式) 的增加而增加.
- 双语者在他们的学习语言 (LA+) 中表现出更快的检索速度,而不是他们的其他语言 (LA-).
研究的目的:
- 调查是否较不熟悉的算术语言 (LA-) 在双语成年人中引起比LA+更大的PSE.
- 检查任务难度和响应方式对双语者算术处理中的语言影响的影响.
主要方法:
- 流利的西班牙语-英语双语成年人在LA+和LA-.中验证了口语乘法问题.
- 记录了与事件相关的潜力 (ERP).
- 任务难度是通过改变演示速度和要求口头响应生产来操纵的.
主要成果:
- 在ERP中观察到PSE,其特点是小型与大型解决方案的P300幅度更大.
- 在表现中的语言差异 (LA中的更慢的解决方案) 只有在时间压力下需要口头反应时才出现.
- 在时间压力下,LA-在第二个操作数上显示了PSE,但在解决方案上显示了较小的PSE,这表明事实分类的努力增加了.
结论:
- 在流利的双语者中,微妙的语言差异在增加的认知负载下出现 (例如,时间压力,较弱的语言).
- 问题大小效应受到语言的影响,特别是在响应生成中,而不仅仅是存储器访问.
- 在较不熟练的语言 (LA-) 中处理算术事实需要更多的努力,特别是在复杂的问题或苛刻的任务中.
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