伟大的灾难:导致珀莫-特里亚斯纪海洋大规模灭绝的原因
Paul B Wignall1, David P G Bond2
1School of Earth & Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
National science review
|December 29, 2023
概括
珀米亚-特里亚斯纪大灭绝造成了严重的海洋损失,特别是影响了藻和浮游生物. 西伯利亚陷喷发可能是通过变暖和海洋无氧导致这次两相灭绝的原因.
科学领域:
- 古生物学的古生物学
- 地质化学 地质化学
- 海洋生物学 海洋生物学
背景情况:
- 珀米亚-特里亚斯纪 (P-T) 边界标志着地球历史上最严重的海洋灭绝事件.
- 这场危机深刻影响了地和浮游生物的海洋生物,导致生物多样性显著丧失.
- 之前的研究已经确定了大约55,000年的临界间隔,跨越了这些灭绝的P-T边界.
研究的目的:
- 综合当前关于二叠纪-三叠纪大灭绝事件的知识.
- 调查拟议的灭绝机制,包括无氧,海洋酸化和火山活动.
- 突出灭绝历史的区域差异,特别是在赤道和北极度之间.
主要方法:
- 分析了详细的边界截面研究,重点是中国南部.
- 整合了众多地质化学研究,以评估灭绝驱动因素.
- 在不同古度上对灭绝模式和时间进行比较.
主要成果:
- P-T 灭绝发生在 ~55 kyr 间隔内的两相模式中,损失集中在开始和结束.
- 观察到全球从有氧到无氧-氧条件的转变,与海洋快速变暖相吻合.
- 西伯利亚陷喷发和相关的二氧化碳排放被确定为主要驱动因素,导致气候变暖,停滞和酸化.
结论:
- 波斯-特里亚斯纪大灭绝是一个复杂的,两阶段的事件,主要是由火山活动引起的环境变化驱动的.
- 海洋无氧和快速变暖是关键因素,而酸化和沉的支持较少.
- 对北极度灭绝历史的进一步研究对于完全了解这种灾难性事件至关重要.
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