了解美国的粮食不安全风险:纵向分析
Seth A Berkowitz1,2, Hilary K Seligman3,4, Deepak Palakshappa5,6,7
1Division of General Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
SSM - population health
|December 29, 2023
概括
处于儿童,残疾成年人或失业者的角色中的人面临更高的粮食不安全. 通过收入转移支持这些角色可以减少家庭粮食不安全风险.
科学领域:
- 健康的社会和经济决定因素
- 公共卫生政策 公共卫生政策
- 卫生社会学 卫生社会学
背景情况:
- 粮食不安全,定义为缺乏持续获得足够的食物,显著影响人口的健康.
- 虽然粮食不安全与健康之间的生物医学联系得到了充分证实,但粮食不安全的根本原因仍未得到充分探索.
- 本研究通过检查导致粮食不安全的制度因素来解决这一差距.
研究的目的:
- 为了解粮食不安全风险提出一个概念框架.
- 确定因子支付系统中的个人角色和家庭组成作为粮食不安全的关键决定因素.
- 测试将个人角色,家庭动态和政府支持系统与粮食不安全联系起来的假设.
主要方法:
- 利用了2016-2019年美国当前人口调查数据,具有全国代表性的纵向数据.
- 基于收入分配 (因素支付系统),家庭内部转移和政府税收和转移系统,开发了粮食不安全风险的概念模型.
- 分析了个人角色 (例如,儿童,残疾成年人,失业者,有薪工人) 与粮食不安全风险之间的关联,考虑到家庭组成和计划参与.
主要成果:
- 总共分析了16884名参与者,最初的粮食不安全患病率为10.0%.
- 儿童 (RR 1.79),残疾劳动年龄成人 (RR 3.74),失业个人 (RR 3.29) 面临的粮食不安全风险明显高于受雇工人.
- 大多数粮食不安全家庭 (74.8%) 包含了儿童或残疾劳动年龄成人角色的个人,或经历过失业.
结论:
- 提出的概念框架与美国粮食不安全风险的观察模式保持一致.
- 针对限制参与因素支付系统的角色 (例如,童年,残疾) 的个人收入转移计划可以减轻粮食不安全.
- 旨在支持脆弱角色及其家庭的干预措施可以成为减少整体粮食不安全的有效策略.
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