患有自闭症谱系障碍和注意力缺陷/多动症儿童的睡眠问题:一项比较研究和对沟通技能的影响
Carmen Berenguer1, Inmaculada Baixauli2, Eva Rosa3
1Departamento de Psicología evolutiva y de la educación, Universitat de València, València, Spain.
概括
患有自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 和注意力缺陷/多动障碍 (ADHD) 的儿童比正常发育的儿童更容易出现睡眠问题. 睡眠问题在这些群体中显著影响沟通技巧.
科学领域:
- 神经发育障碍 神经发育障碍
- 儿科睡眠医学 儿科睡眠医学
- 儿童心理学 儿童心理学
背景情况:
- 睡眠障碍在患有神经发育障碍的儿童中很常见,包括自闭症谱系障碍 (ASD) 和注意力缺陷/多动症障碍 (ADHD).
- 了解具体的睡眠挑战及其对其他发育领域的影响对于有效的干预至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了比较患有自闭症 (没有智力障碍) 的儿童,多动症和典型发育 (TD) 的儿童的睡眠问题.
- 分析睡眠问题和症状严重程度如何影响这些群体的沟通技巧.
- 调查睡眠问题的调解作用在症状和沟通之间的关系.
主要方法:
- 一项涉及122名7-12岁儿童的横截面研究,分为三组:TD (n=32),ASD (n=47) 和ADHD (n=43).
- 参与者根据年龄和智力进行了匹配.
- 父母报告的问卷评估了睡眠障碍和沟通技巧.
主要成果:
- 在临床组 (ASD,ADHD) 和TD组之间发现了睡眠障碍的显著差异.
- 与ASD和TD组相比,患有ADHD的儿童表现出更多的睡眠呼吸障碍,过和整体睡眠问题.
- 睡眠问题对ADHD组的沟通困难有更大的预测影响,而不是ASD组.
- 调解分析显示,睡眠问题在ASD和ADHD组中部分调解症状和沟通之间的联系.
结论:
- 睡眠障碍是ASD和ADHD儿童的一个重要问题,与典型发育儿童相比,睡眠障碍的类型和患病率不同.
- 睡眠问题在ASD和ADHD的核心症状和沟通缺陷之间的关系中起着部分调解作用.
- 对ASD和ADHD的临床评估和干预应包括对睡眠障碍的评估和管理,因为它们对沟通技能的影响.
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