时间使用调查,社会实践理论和活动连接
Dale Southerton1, Jennifer Whillans1
1University of Bristol Business School, Bristol, UK.
The British journal of sociology
|December 30, 2023
概括
这项研究通过分析时间活动联系,将社会实践理论 (SPT) 和时间使用调查 (TUS) 联系起来. 它提出了一个框架来理解日常活动如何形成社会实践,增强了这两个研究领域.
科学领域:
- 社会科学 社会科学 社会科学
- 社会学 社会学 社会学
- 人类地理的人类地理
背景情况:
- 社会实践理论 (SPT) 考察日常"做事和说话",但未充分利用时间使用调查 (TUS) 数据.
- 事实学上的差异和概念翻译问题阻碍了TUS数据的融入到SPT研究中.
研究的目的:
- 在社会实践理论 (SPT) 研究中探索时间利用调查 (TUS) 的不足.
- 运用 SPT 概念来分析 TUS 数据并调查时间活动连接.
- 展示TUS数据如何通过SPT镜头分析以了解社会实践.
主要方法:
- 运用Schatzki的活动事件和活动链的概念来分析时间活动连接.
- 利用时间使用调查 (TUS) 的数据来检查三个活动事件:睡眠,阅读和饮食.
- 确定了两种类型的时间活动连接 (序列和同步) 和四种连接形式.
主要成果:
- 确定了序列和同步作为支社会实践的关键时间活动联系.
- 描述了四种连接形式:统一/多样性,顺序方向性,时间变化的连接,以及对称/不对称的关系.
- 证明 TUS 数据通过 SPT 框架进行分析时,可以揭示活动的动态和可变性.
结论:
- 运用TUS数据对SPT概念进行操作,为研究活动如何形成社会实践提供了一种系统方法.
- 这种方法提供了一个宝贵的资源,通过分析活动连接来经验性地检查社会变化.
- SPT为时间利用研究提供了一个动态的框架,承认活动是可变的,而不是静态的类别.
相关概念视频
02:30Naturalistic Observations
15.4K
If you want to understand how behavior occurs, one of the best ways to gain information is to simply observe the behavior in its natural context. However, people might change their behavior in unexpected ways if they know they are being observed. How do researchers obtain accurate information when people tend to hide their natural behavior? As an example, imagine that your professor asks everyone in your class to raise their hand if they always wash their hands after using the restroom. Chances...
15.4K
02:16Surveys
14.8K
Often, psychologists develop surveys as a means of gathering data. Surveys are lists of questions to be answered by research participants, and can be delivered as paper-and-pencil questionnaires, administered electronically, or conducted verbally. Generally, the survey itself can be completed in a short time, and the ease of administering a survey makes it easy to collect data from a large number of people.
14.8K
02:57The Sense of Self: Reflected Self-Appraisal and Social Comparison
49.9K
According to Charles Cooley, we base our image on what we think other people see (Cooley 1902). We imagine how we must appear to others, then react to this speculation. We don certain clothes, prepare our hair in a particular manner, wear makeup, use cologne, and the like—all with the notion that our presentation of ourselves is going to affect how others perceive us. We expect a certain reaction, and, if lucky, we get the one we desire and feel good about it. But more than that, Cooley...
49.9K
02:06Social Exchange Theory
34.5K
We have discussed why we form relationships, what attracts us to others, and different types of love. But what determines whether we are satisfied with and stay in a relationship? One theory that provides an explanation is social exchange theory. According to social exchange theory, we act as naïve economists in keeping a tally of the ratio of costs and benefits of forming and maintaining a relationship with others (Rusbult & Van Lange, 2003).
34.5K
01:37Social Loafing
34.8K
Another way in which a group presence can affect performance is social loafing—the exertion of less effort by a person working together with a group. Social loafing occurs when our individual performance cannot be evaluated separately from the group. Thus, group performance declines on easy tasks (Karau & Williams, 1993). Essentially individual group members loaf and let other group members pick up the slack. Because each individual’s efforts cannot be evaluated,...
34.8K
00:56Attribution Theory
13.0K
Behavior is a product of both the situation (e.g., cultural influences, social roles, and the presence of bystanders) and of the person (e.g., personality characteristics). Subfields of psychology tend to focus on one influence or behavior over others. Situationism is the view that our behavior and actions are determined by our immediate environment and surroundings. In contrast, dispositionism holds that our behavior is determined by internal factors (Heider, 1958).
13.0K