焦虑可能会改变青少年风险决策中前-状回路的作用
Amanda E Baker1, Namita Tanya Padgaonkar2, Adriana Galván3
1Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, 502 Portola Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, United States of America.
Journal of affective disorders
|December 31, 2023
概括
青少年焦虑与避免风险有关,具有明显的神经模式. 焦虑的年轻人可能会使用冒险机制来促进回避,增加焦虑的脆弱性.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 临床心理学 临床心理学
背景情况:
- 焦虑障碍在青春期经常出现,这是一个以接近动机为特征的时期.
- 青少年的风险厌恶会阻碍学习,并通过与典型的发育轨迹相冲突来延续焦虑症状.
研究的目的:
- 在一个多样化的青少年样本中调查与避免风险相关的神经和行为因素.
- 为了区分潜在的神经系统,自愿的风险回避与反应抑制.
- 检查这些神经系统,冒险行为和青少年焦虑程度之间的关系.
主要方法:
- 功能磁共振成像 (fMRI) 用于研究137名青少年 (平均年龄11.3岁) 在风险决策和响应抑制任务中.
- 分析了神经活动和连接性,比较了自愿的谨慎选择与成功的反应抑制.
- 收集了自我报告的焦虑,回避行为和任务绩效指标.
主要成果:
- 焦虑的青少年报告了更大的回避行为,但在实验室中表现出典型的冒险行为.
- 虽然焦虑的青少年在抑制任务中反应迅速,但在面临风险时,他们的决策速度较慢.
- 在所有参与者中,在风险避免期间观察到决策和突出网络中的神经激活.
- 焦虑调节神经机制:左下额头 (IFG) 与低焦虑年轻人的避免和焦虑年轻人的冒险有关;条形连接显示了相反的模式.
结论:
- 青少年承担风险的基础的神经机制可能有助于焦虑的年轻人避免.
- 这表明一种潜在的途径,导致不适应性回避和更高的焦虑脆弱性.
- 研究结果强调了青春期焦虑,风险感知和神经功能之间的复杂相互作用.
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