最近,口服胰岛素输送技术取得了进展
Ershuai Zhang1, Hui Zhu1, Boyi Song1
1Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA.
概括
口服胰岛素在注射上具有优势,但面临着胃肠道障碍. 最近的创新旨在提高口服胰岛素的生物可用性和糖尿病管理的治疗效率.
科学领域:
- * 制药科学 制药科学
- * 生物医学工程 * 生物医学工程
- * 内分泌学 在内分泌学.
背景情况:
- * 全球糖尿病病例不断增加,需要改进胰岛素输送方法.
- *口服胰岛素最好用于患者的遵守,但面临着重要的生物可用性挑战.
- * 存在的胃肠道障碍 (化学,酶,物理) 阻碍了有效的口服胰岛素吸收.
研究的目的:
- * 审查阻碍口服胰岛素输送的生理障碍.
- * 展示口服胰岛素输送技术的最新进展.
- *讨论口服胰岛素的未来前景和临床翻译挑战.
主要方法:
- * 对口服胰岛素生理障碍的综合文献综述.
- *分析口服胰岛素输送的创新策略和技术.
- * 对口服胰岛素配方的当前研究和未来前景的综合.
主要成果:
- * 确定了胃肠道中关键的化学,酶和物理障碍.
- *强调了新型的输送系统和方法,以提高口服胰岛素的生物可用性.
- * 在克服吸收和稳定性问题方面取得了明显进展.
结论:
- * 在开发口服胰岛素输送系统方面取得了重大进展.
- *克服胃肠道障碍仍然是临床成功的关键挑战.
- *未来的研究应该专注于可靠的技术,以实现有效的临床转化.
相关概念视频
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Insulin preparations are categorized by their duration of action into short-acting and long-acting types. Two strategies are used to modify insulin's absorption and pharmacokinetic profile: slowing the absorption post-subcutaneous injection, or altering human insulin's amino acid sequence or protein structure. These changes retain the insulin's ability to bind to the insulin receptor, but alter its behavior in solution or after injection.
Short-acting insulins are divided into...
Short-acting insulins are divided into...
197
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Glinides
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Repaglinide (Prandin) and Nateglinide (Starlix), known as glinides, are oral insulin secretagogues that stimulate insulin release from pancreatic β cells by closing the ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP channel). Repaglinide controls insulin release from pancreatic β cells by managing potassium efflux. It shares two binding sites with sulfonylureas and also has a unique site, indicating overlapping mechanisms of action. With a rapid onset and a 4-7 hour duration, it effectively...
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Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects
176
Insulin-replacement therapy usually includes both long-acting insulin (basal) and short-acting insulin (to cater to postprandial needs). In a diverse group of type 1 diabetes patients, the average daily insulin dose is typically 0.5-0.7 units/kg body weight. However, obese patients and pubertal adolescents may need more due to insulin resistance.
The basal dose constitutes about 40%-50% of the total daily dose, with the rest as premeal insulin. The mealtime insulin dose should mirror...
The basal dose constitutes about 40%-50% of the total daily dose, with the rest as premeal insulin. The mealtime insulin dose should mirror...
176
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456
The enteral drug administration involves three primary routes: oral, sublingual, and buccal. Oral ingestion is the most prevalent, safe, economical, and convenient method for drug administration. However, it has certain drawbacks, including limited absorption due to the drug's low water solubility or poor membrane permeability, possible emesis from GI mucosa irritation, destruction of drugs by digestive enzymes or low gastric pH, and irregular absorption along with food or other drugs.
456
Glucagon-like Receptor Agonists
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Incretins include glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), which stimulate insulin secretion post-meals. In type 2 diabetes, GIP's efficacy is reduced, making GLP-1 a viable drug target. GIP originates from preproGIP.
GLP-1, when administered in high doses intravenously, triggers insulin secretion, inhibits glucagon release, slows gastric emptying, reduces food intake, and restores normal insulin secretion. However, its rapid inactivation by...
GLP-1, when administered in high doses intravenously, triggers insulin secretion, inhibits glucagon release, slows gastric emptying, reduces food intake, and restores normal insulin secretion. However, its rapid inactivation by...
325
Drug Delivery: Overview
294
The selection of a drug's delivery route depends upon its physicochemical properties, including lipid or water solubility and ionization, as well as the therapeutic requirement, such as immediate or sustained effect. These routes can be divided into three primary categories: enteral, parenteral, and topical.
Enteral delivery involves administering drugs directly through swallowing, sublingual placement, or buccal application. Orally administered drugs predominantly navigate the...
Enteral delivery involves administering drugs directly through swallowing, sublingual placement, or buccal application. Orally administered drugs predominantly navigate the...
294


