非酒精性脂肪性肝病和肠道微生物组:一个不可分割的联系
Maria Effenberger1, Christoph Grander1, Felix Grabherr1
1Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
Journal of clinical and translational hepatology
|January 1, 2024
概括
非酒精性脂肪肝 (NAFLD) 是一个日益严重的全球健康问题,由肠道微生物群的变化和代谢功能障碍驱动. 了解这种相互作用是开发NAFLD及其并发症新疗法的关键.
科学领域:
- 肝病学 肝病学是一种肝病学.
- 胃肠病学 胃肠病学
- 微生物学 微生物学
背景情况:
- 非酒精性脂肪性肝病 (NAFLD) 是一种普遍的疾病,特别是在2型糖尿病和肥胖症患者中,其特点是肝脏脂质积累,炎症和胰岛素抵抗.
- 全球NAFLD的发病率急剧增加,该疾病可能会发展为肝硬化和肝细胞癌 (HCC).
- 肠道微生物群失调越来越被认为是NAFLD病变的关键因素,影响炎症和代谢障碍.
研究的目的:
- 审查当前关于肠道微生物群及其代谢物在NAFLD进展中的作用的证据.
- 阐明肠道微生物群,免疫反应和代谢在驱动肝损伤和纤维化之间的复杂相互作用.
- 突出针对肠道微生物群及其代谢物的潜力,用于新的治疗策略.
主要方法:
- 关于动物和人类研究的综合文献综述.
- 对调查饮食,肥胖和代谢障碍对肠道微生物群组成和功能影响的研究进行分析.
- 评估研究检查微生物代谢物的作用,如短链脂肪酸和酸盐,在NAFLD病变的评估.
主要成果:
- 脂毒性,炎症和胰岛素抵抗是NAFLD的核心特征,受到肠道微生物群的显著影响.
- 由西方饮食和肥胖等因素驱动的肠道微生物群的变化,促进肝脏和全身炎症.
- 从难以消化的碳水化合物中产生的微生物代谢产物在NAFLD进展及其相关并发症中发挥着关键作用.
结论:
- NAFLD的发病因是肠道微生物群,免疫系统和宿主新陈代谢之间的复杂相互作用.
- 调节肠道微生物群及其代谢物为NAFLD,NAFLD肝硬化和NAFLD相关的HCC提供了一个有希望的治疗途径.
- 进一步的研究至关重要,以充分了解NAFLD的发病因子,并制定有效的治疗策略,以这些相互连接的途径为目标.
相关概念视频
01:29Bacterial Flora of the Large Intestine
457
The gut microbiome is formed by a vast and diverse community of bacteria that colonizes our large intestine. These bacteria start residing in the gut from birth and continue diversifying throughout life, influenced by factors such as diet, lifestyle, and stress. The gut bacterial community also includes bacteria from food and those that enter the colon through the anus.
The normal gut flora of the colon plays a critical role in generating essential vitamins such as vitamins K, B5, and B7.
The normal gut flora of the colon plays a critical role in generating essential vitamins such as vitamins K, B5, and B7.
457
01:30Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Diagnostic Studies and Management I-Nutritional Therapy
334
Various diagnostic tests are employed in the diagnostic process for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), particularly to differentiate between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
Diagnostic studies
A colonoscopy is the definitive screening test, distinguishing ulcerative colitis from other colon diseases with similar symptoms. During a colonoscopy test, inflamed mucosa with exudate ulcerations can be observed, and biopsies are taken to determine the histologic characteristics of the...
Diagnostic studies
A colonoscopy is the definitive screening test, distinguishing ulcerative colitis from other colon diseases with similar symptoms. During a colonoscopy test, inflamed mucosa with exudate ulcerations can be observed, and biopsies are taken to determine the histologic characteristics of the...
334
01:23Anatomy of the Intestines
72.0K
Although digestion of proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids may begin in the stomach, it is completed in the intestine. The absorption of nutrients, water, and electrolytes from food and drink also occurs in the intestine. The intestines can be divided into two structurally distinct organs—the small and large intestines.
Small Intestines
The small intestine is an ~7 meter-long tube with an inner diameter of just 2.5 cm. Since most nutrients are absorbed here, the inner lining of the...
Small Intestines
The small intestine is an ~7 meter-long tube with an inner diameter of just 2.5 cm. Since most nutrients are absorbed here, the inner lining of the...
72.0K
01:24Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction
89
The pancreas, an elongated and flat gland situated behind the stomach, serves a vital function in digesting food and managing blood sugar levels.
Pancreatitis is the inflammation of the pancreas, which occurs when the immune system becomes active and causes swelling, pain, and disruptions in organ function. Pancreatitis can manifest as either an acute or chronic condition.
Acute pancreatitis arises suddenly and lasts for a brief duration, while chronic pancreatitis is a long-term affliction...
Pancreatitis is the inflammation of the pancreas, which occurs when the immune system becomes active and causes swelling, pain, and disruptions in organ function. Pancreatitis can manifest as either an acute or chronic condition.
Acute pancreatitis arises suddenly and lasts for a brief duration, while chronic pancreatitis is a long-term affliction...
89
01:17Irritable Bowel Syndrome I: Introduction
277
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is characterized by functional disturbances in the gastrointestinal system, presenting a cluster of symptoms without evident structural or biochemical abnormalities. It primarily affects the large intestine and may cause abdominal pain, bloating, excessive gas, diarrhea, constipation, or both.
IBS is a chronic condition that can persist over a long period or recur frequently.
The pathogenesis of IBS involves a complex interplay of the following factors:
Altered...
IBS is a chronic condition that can persist over a long period or recur frequently.
The pathogenesis of IBS involves a complex interplay of the following factors:
Altered...
277
01:50What is Monogastric Digestion?
71.2K
The human body contains a monogastric digestive system. In a monogastric digestive system, the stomach only contains one chamber in which it digests food. Several other animal species also have monogastric digestive systems, including pigs, horses, dogs, and birds. This chapter, however, focuses on the human digestive system.
71.2K