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记忆编码和运动技能之间的相互干扰:运动专业知识的影响
Annalena Monz1, Kathrin Morbe1, Markus Klein1
1Institute of Sport Sciences, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany.
Frontiers in psychology
|January 1, 2024
概括
即使是高度练习的运动技能也需要注意,在认知-运动双重任务执行过程中显著损害记忆编码. 对于各种运动员技能水平的记忆和运动任务,性能成本是相当大的.
科学领域:
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 运动科学 运动科学
背景情况:
- 认知运动双重任务是指同时执行一个认知任务和一个运动任务.
- 在双重任务情况下的性能下降取决于每个任务的注意力需求.
- 理论上,学习完善的运动技能可以自动化,从而减少双重任务中的干扰.
研究的目的:
- 调查认知运动双重任务对运动员记忆编码和运动表现的影响.
- 为了检查是否练习良好的运动技能,当与记忆编码相结合时,导致性能下降.
- 评估技能水平是否影响运动员的双重任务成本.
主要方法:
- 进行了两项研究,将情节性记忆编码任务与训练有素的运动任务相结合.
- 第1项研究涉及40名划船者,他们在缓慢或快速的速度划船时执行记忆编码.
- 第二项研究涉及37名泰拳道运动员在执行武术序列时执行记忆编码.
主要成果:
- 在记忆编码过程中执行运动任务在两项研究中都导致了显著的记忆性能降低 (高达80%).
- 双重任务也导致了运动性能的下降,包括更慢,更不规则的划船和减少了泰拳道的质量.
- 当在更快的速度划船时,认知成本更高.
- 对于大多数绩效领域的不同技能水平,双重任务的比例成本相似.
结论:
- 即使是高度练习的运动任务也需要大量的认知资源,挑战了完全自动化的概念.
- 双重任务给认知和运动性能带来了巨大的代价,即使在熟练的运动员中也是如此.
- 运动任务的注意力需求在认知运动干扰中起着至关重要的作用.
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