长期噪音暴露和心血管疾病死亡率:美国5个州的一项研究
Tingfan Jin1, Anna Kosheleva1, Edgar Castro1
1Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
Environmental research
|January 1, 2024
概括
暴露于白天和夜晚的人为噪音与心血管疾病死亡率的增加有关,女性更容易受到影响. 关联是单调的,高达45-55dBA.
科学领域:
- 环境健康 环境健康
- 心血管流行病学心血管流行病学
- 声学 声学 在声学方面
背景情况:
- 以前的研究表明,噪音暴露与心血管事件之间存在联系,但研究结果不一致.
- 大多数研究都侧重于交通噪音,忽视了其他人为来源,如建筑和工业活动.
- 美国的研究有限,很少有研究探讨非线性暴露-反应关系.
研究的目的:
- 研究美国各种人为噪音暴露与心血管疾病死亡率之间的关联.
- 检查潜在的非线性暴露-反应关系.
- 评估与噪音相关的心血管风险敏感性的性别特异性.
主要方法:
- 相对发病率分析使用心血管疾病死亡率作为病例 (n=936,019) 和外部原因死亡率作为对照 (n=232,491).
- 来自美国五个州 (2007-2019) 的死亡率数据被地理编码为住宅地址.
- 长期暴露于噪音的模型,包括自然和人为来源 (运输,工业,商业活动).
- 对个人和人口普查通道水平因素进行控制的后勤回归模型,检查非线性关联和性别修饰.
主要成果:
- 在白天和夜间人为噪音 (L50) 和心血管死亡率之间观察到积极的关联.
- 整体日夜平均声压水平 (Ldn) 也显示出与心血管死亡率的积极关联.
- 女性对所有噪音暴露都表现出更大的敏感性.
- 单调的积极关联被记录在45-55dBA的门上,此后趋势会趋平或下降.
结论:
- 白天和夜晚的人为噪音都与心血管疾病死亡率的增加有关.
- 暴露于噪音和心血管死亡率之间的关联在女性中更为强烈.
- 噪音污染是对心血管健康的重大环境风险因素.
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