普遍医疗保险覆盖范围下的未满足医疗保健需求的不平等在中国
Jingxian Wu1, Yongmei Yang2, Ting Sun3
1School of Economics and Finance, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, P.R. China. jingxianwu@mail.xjtu.edu.cn.
Health economics review
|January 2, 2024
概括
中国的社会医疗保险 (SHI) 减少了未满足医疗需求的财政障碍,但扩大了非财务限制的不平等. 需要采取政策干预措施,以解决公平获得医疗保健的金融和非金融障碍.
科学领域:
- 卫生经济学 卫生经济学
- 健康 公平 卫生 公平
- 健康的社会决定因素
背景情况:
- 扩大医疗保险对于普及医疗覆盖,改善医疗准入和减少未满足的医疗需求至关重要.
- 以前的研究集中在未满足需求的社会经济因素上,但很少有研究分析了不平等和全民医疗保险的影响.
- 本研究调查了社会医疗保险 (SHI) 对中国经济和非经济上受制于未满足医疗保健需求的不平等的贡献.
研究的目的:
- 测量SHI覆盖范围对财务和非财务限制的未满足医疗保健需求不平等性的贡献.
- 分析中年和老年中国成年人之间的这些不平等现象.
- 为公平获得医疗保健的政策提供信息.
主要方法:
- 利用来自中国健康与退休长度研究 (2011-2015年) 的数据.
- 包括 11,592 名门诊护理需求的受访者和 6,320 名住院护理需求的受访者.
- 使用度指数 (CI) 来衡量与收入相关的不平等,并使用试验模型分解来评估SHI的贡献.
主要成果:
- 没有满足门诊需求的发生率:4.68% (金融),24.78% (非金融);没有满足住院需求:18.69% (金融),15.73% (非金融).
- 医疗服务中心为财政受限制的门诊未满足需求贡献了0.26%,为住院患者需求贡献了1.89%.
- 对非财务上受限制的未满足需求的SHI的贡献是负的 (-0.45%的门诊患者, -6.42%的住院患者),表明富人之间的不平等程度有所降低.
结论:
- 在中国,普遍的SHI覆盖率增加了对经济上受限制的未满足需求的有利于穷人的不平等,但减少了对非经济上受限制的需求的有利于富人的不平等.
- 与门诊护理相比,SHI对不平等的影响在住院护理方面更大.
- 政策建议包括为低社会经济群体提供有利的补偿,并解决金融和非金融障碍,以促进公平获得医疗保健.
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