偏见,自治,以及20世纪生物伦理学家对种族主义的盲目
Robert Baker1,2
1Department of Philosophy, William D. William Emeritus Professor of Philosophy, Union College, Schenectady, New York, USA.
Bioethics
|January 2, 2024
概括
生物伦理学生物伦理学
科学领域:
- 生物伦理学生物伦理学
- 社会正义,社会正义.
- 医学伦理 医学伦理
背景情况:
- 在生物伦理学中占主导地位的四原则方法,强调自治和正义作为分配,在历史上将关键的社会问题边缘化.
- 这一框架无意中将关于能力主义,反黑人种族主义和阶级主义的讨论排除在主流生物伦理学术之外.
- 从"尊重人"到"自治"的转变被认为是这种排斥的关键因素.
研究的目的:
- 分析生物伦理的基本原则如何塑造了它的范围,并排除了关键的社会正义问题.
- 批评过度强调自主性及其在限制生物伦理研究以系统歧视中的作用.
- 重新评估生物伦理学及其概念基础的历史轨迹.
主要方法:
- 对生物伦理理论和原则的概念分析.
- 生物伦理学术及其概念演变的历史审查.
- 批判性地检查自治原则及其影响.
主要成果:
- 四个原则框架,特别是强调自治,系统地排除了对能力主义,反黑人种族主义和阶级主义的审查.
- 用"自治"取代"尊重人"缩小了道德范围,阻碍了对系统性歧视的分析.
- 生物伦理学目前的概念武器库不足以解决多方面的社会不公正问题.
结论:
- 重新审视和扩展生物伦理的核心原则对于纳入对系统歧视和社会正义的分析至关重要.
- 需要更广泛的概念基础,以确保生物伦理学充分解决能力主义,种族主义和阶级主义的问题.
- 该领域必须超越对自治的狭关注,有效地与各种形式的社会不公正进行接触.
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