vaping:

Nicole Wall1, Susan Fox-Wasylyshyn1, Noeman Mirza1

  • 1Faculty of Nursing, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada.

概括

对电子烟预期结果仪器的心理测量属性的有限报告阻碍了研究. 使用COSMIN指南可以提高这些措施的质量,以便更好地进行vaping干预.

相关概念视频

Stimulants01:29

Stimulants

Stimulants are substances that enhance neural activity and elevate dopamine levels in the brain, leading to their highly addictive nature. These drugs include cocaine, amphetamines, MDMA, caffeine, and nicotine, each with distinct mechanisms of action and varied health implications.
Cocaine can be administered via snorting, injection, or smoking. It primarily functions by blocking the reuptake of dopamine, resulting in a euphoric high characterized by an intense sensation of happiness and...
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