高"健康年龄"作为发病率和过早死亡率的风险因素
1Department of Sports Medicine, Medical Faculty of Charles University, Plzeň, Czech Republic. jaroslav.novak@lfp.cuni.cz.
Physiological research
|January 2, 2024
概括
通过最大氧气摄入量 (VO2max) 衡量心肺呼吸能力,对健康至关重要. 较低的健身水平,由更高的健身年龄表明,显著增加非传染性疾病的风险.
科学领域:
- 运动生理学 运动生理学
- 预防性心脏病学 预防性心脏病学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
背景情况:
- 通过最大氧气摄入量 (VO2max) 评估的心肺呼吸能力是健康结果的关键决定因素.
- 低心肺呼吸能力与代谢综合征,冠心病和其他慢性疾病的风险增加有关.
- 身体活动的水平和类型在不同的人群中显著影响心肺呼吸能力.
研究的目的:
- 研究不同类型的体力活动与心肺呼吸系统健康水平之间的关系.
- 用VO2max和METmax参数评估各种运动和非运动群体的心肺健康状况.
- 确定相对于时间表年龄的健身年龄对健康风险和生活质量的影响.
主要方法:
- 一组2901名参与者根据身体活动被分为五组:耐力运动员,团队运动员,其他竞争运动员,休运动员和健康问题患者.
- 通过使用最大氧气消耗 (VO2max) 和最大代谢等效 (METmax) 在分级自行车人体表应力测试中评估心肺呼吸能力.
- 计算了每个参与者群体的健康年龄,并与每个参与者群体的年代年龄进行了比较.
主要成果:
- 耐力,团队体育和竞技体育团体 (A-C) 的参与者在罕见的情况下表现出低心肺呼吸能力 (NYHA I类,METmax < 9).
- 相反,有健康问题的人 (E组) 患有较低心肺呼吸能力的患病率显著增加,其中20%的男性和52%的女性被归类为NYHA第I类.
- 运动员的健康年龄通常低于运动员的时间年龄 (A-C组),而在有健康问题的人群中 (E组) 则高得多.
结论:
- 较高的健康年龄,特别是在有健康问题的人群中,意味着非传染性疾病的风险增加.
- 缺少心肺呼吸能力与患病风险显著增加以及晚年生活质量潜在降低有关.
- 通过适当的体力活动促进心肺健康是预防疾病和维持长期健康和福祉的关键.
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