社会捐赠的日益增加的负担是否会影响经济的可持续发展?
Zhiyang Yu1, Jin Chen1, Runfa Yu2
1School of Banking and Finance, University of International Business and Economics, Beijing, China.
PloS one
|January 2, 2024
概括
人口老龄化增加了对老年人的支出,影响了经济增长. 投资医疗保健,技术和政策调整可以减轻对资本边际产品 (MPK) 的负面影响,以实现可持续发展.
科学领域:
- 经济学 经济学 经济学
- 人口统计学 人口统计学
- 公共政策 公共政策
背景情况:
- 全球人口老龄化正在增加与年龄有关的疾病的流行率和医疗保健需求.
- 对老年人的医疗保健和社会支出不断增加,给家庭和国家经济带来了挑战.
- 了解人口老龄化的经济影响对于可持续发展至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 评估对老年人口增加支出对经济的影响.
- 确定有效的解决方案,以减轻老龄化社会的经济负担.
- 分析老年人依赖率与资本边际产值 (MPK) 之间的关系.
主要方法:
- 构建一个理论模型,将老年依赖率和MPK联系起来.
- 使用双向固定效应模型与跨国小组数据 (81个国家,1981-2017年) 的实证分析.
- 使用两阶段最小平方 (TSLS) 和通用时刻方法 (GMM) 解决的内源性.
主要成果:
- 增加老年人依赖率对资本边际产品 (MPK) 有负面影响.
- 医疗保健系统,健康安全和技术创新调节了这种关系.
- 在使用先进的计量经济学技术来解决内源性后,研究结果仍然强大.
结论:
- 面临人口老龄化的国家,特别是"老但不富裕"的国家,需要积极主动的经济战略.
- 建议在公共卫生和技术创新方面进行供给侧投资.
- 退休制度的政策调整和潜在的亲子计划可以支持长期的经济和公共卫生可持续性.
更多相关视频
03:35Determining Gender-Based Differences in Retinal and Choroidal Thickness in Underweight Individuals via Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography
Published on: December 1, 2023
300
11:51Combining Behavioral Endocrinology and Experimental Economics: Testosterone and Social Decision Making
Published on: March 2, 2011
15.1K
相关概念视频
Sustainable Development
13.3K
As the human population continues to grow and use resources, we must be mindful of our planet’s natural limits. Sustainable development provides a pathway to maintain and improve human life now while also ensuring that future generations will have the resources that they need. The long-term success of sustainability efforts rests on understanding the interplay between human actions and ecological systems.
13.3K
Social Traps
22.3K
Social traps are negative situations where people get caught in a direction or relationship that later proves to be unpleasant, with no easy way to back out of or avoid. The concept was orignally introduced by John Platt who applied psychology to Garrett Hardin's "Tragedy of the Commons", where in New England herd owners could let their cattle graze in the common ground. This situation seems like a good idea, but an individual could have an advantage. If they owned...
22.3K
Social Exchange Theory
34.5K
We have discussed why we form relationships, what attracts us to others, and different types of love. But what determines whether we are satisfied with and stay in a relationship? One theory that provides an explanation is social exchange theory. According to social exchange theory, we act as naïve economists in keeping a tally of the ratio of costs and benefits of forming and maintaining a relationship with others (Rusbult & Van Lange, 2003).
34.5K
Fundamental Attribution Error
12.9K
According to some social psychologists, people tend to overemphasize internal factors as explanations—or attributions—for the behavior of other people. They tend to assume that the behavior of another person is a trait of that person, and to underestimate the power of the situation on the behavior of others. They tend to fail to recognize when the behavior of another is due to situational variables, and thus to the person’s state. This erroneous assumption is...
12.9K
Population Growth
25.3K
Population size is dynamic, increasing with birth rates and immigration, and decreasing with death rates and emigration. In ideal conditions with unlimited resources, populations can increase exponentially, which plots as a J-shaped growth rate curve of population size against time. This type of curve is characteristic of newly-introduced invasive species, or populations that have suffered catastrophic declines and are rebounding.
25.3K
Threats to Biodiversity
22.3K
There have been five major extinction events throughout geological history, resulting in the elimination of biodiversity, followed by a rebound of species that adapted to the new conditions. In the current geological epoch, the Holocene, there is a sixth extinction event in progress. This mass extinction has been attributed to human activities and is thus provisionally called the Anthropocene. In 2019 the human population reached 7.7 billion people and is projected to comprise 10 billion by...
22.3K
